Phase2: Invoicecomputation/AdminpricingUI/Ainvoicemgnt

2026-05-24 16:38:41 +02:00 · 2026-05-24 14:48:40 +02:00 · 2026-05-24 14:40:15 +02:00 · 2026-05-24 14:25:00 +02:00 · 2026-05-24 14:12:26 +02:00 · 2026-05-24 14:01:33 +02:00
33 changed files with 5428 additions and 281 deletions
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,273 +1,54 @@
-# PieCed Portal — Billing Phase 1 (drop-in replacement)
+# PieCed Portal — Billing Phase 1 patch (suspend-via-admin fix)

-Schema + event tracking. No UI yet (that lands in Phase 2).
-This zip mirrors the `pieced-portal/` repo root — extract over your
-existing source tree to apply.
+Single-file fix on top of the Phase 1 v2 drop.

-**v2 fix:** stripped stray backticks from SQL comments that were
-closing the `MIGRATION_SQL` template literal early. If you got
-"Expected a semicolon" at db.ts:335 with v1, this build is the fix.
+## What it fixes

---
+The admin panel's suspend/resume button hits
+`/api/admin/tenants/[name]/suspend` (a different route from the
+customer-side `/api/tenants/[name]/suspend`). The v2 drop only
+hooked the customer route — admin suspends were going to K8s
+without producing a row in `tenant_suspension_events`.

-## Files in this drop
+This patch adds the same `recordSuspensionEvent` hook to the
+admin route. No other code paths affected; no schema changes.
+
+## Files

 ```
-src/lib/db.ts                                                  MODIFIED
-src/types/index.ts                                             MODIFIED
-src/app/api/admin/requests/[id]/approve/route.ts               MODIFIED
-src/app/api/tenants/[name]/route.ts                            MODIFIED
-src/app/api/tenants/[name]/suspend/route.ts                    MODIFIED
-src/app/api/admin/tenants/[name]/delete/route.ts               MODIFIED
-src/app/api/admin/billing/backfill/route.ts                    NEW
+src/app/api/admin/tenants/[name]/suspend/route.ts    MODIFIED
 ```

-No `package.json` changes — Phase 1 uses only deps already present.
-
-### What changed
-
-`src/lib/db.ts`
-  - Extended `MIGRATION_SQL` with 11 new tables (idempotent — uses
-    `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS`)
-  - Added a new "Billing — Phase 1" section at the bottom with ~25
-    helper functions
-
-`src/types/index.ts`
-  - 6 new interfaces appended at the bottom
-
-`src/app/api/admin/requests/[id]/approve/route.ts`
-  - Imports `recordTenantCreated`, `recordSkillEvents`,
-    `recordSuspensionEvent` from `@/lib/db`
-  - Resume path: records a `resumed` suspension event after
-    `patchTenantSpec({suspend: false})`
-  - Provision path: records `recordTenantCreated` + initial
-    `enabled` events after `createTenant`
-
-`src/app/api/tenants/[name]/route.ts`
-  - Imports `recordSkillEvents`
-  - After `patchTenantSpec` succeeds and the patch touched
-    `packages`, computes the diff (added/removed) and writes events.
-    Diff is computed against the patched CR (the returned state)
-    so events match what K8s committed.
-
-`src/app/api/tenants/[name]/suspend/route.ts`
-  - Imports `recordSuspensionEvent`
-  - Records `suspended` or `resumed` after the patch succeeds
-
-`src/app/api/admin/tenants/[name]/delete/route.ts`
-  - Imports `recordTenantDeleted`
-  - Stamps `deleted_at` on the lifecycle row after `deleteTenant`
-
-`src/app/api/admin/billing/backfill/route.ts` (new)
-  - `POST /api/admin/billing/backfill` — platform-only, idempotent
-  - Reads every live PiecedTenant CR, mirrors creationTimestamp,
-    current `spec.packages`, and `status.suspendedAt` into the new
-    tables. Run once after deploy to bootstrap historical data.
-
-### Tables added (Postgres, all idempotent)
-
-```
-platform_pricing            single-row pricing config
-skill_pricing               per-package daily price (optional)
-tenant_billing_lifecycle    per-tenant created_at + deleted_at
-tenant_skill_events         append-only enable/disable log
-tenant_suspension_events    append-only suspend/resume log
-org_billing_config          per-org billing posture (pay-by-invoice,
-                            stripe id, auto-cron toggles)
-org_payment_methods         Stripe payment methods (Phase 4)
-invoice_number_counters     gapless per-year counter
-invoices                    immutable issued invoices (Phase 2)
-invoice_lines               invoice line items (Phase 2)
-invoice_reminders           sent reminders + their PDFs (Phase 6)
-```
-
-The invoice/lines/reminders tables ship now so Phase 2 doesn't need
-a second migration, but no code writes to them until Phase 2.
-
-### Design properties
-
-* Every billing-tracking call is wrapped in `try/catch`. A logging
-  failure never blocks the K8s operation.
-* PATCH-diff is computed against the *returned* CR state, not the
-  pre-patch state, so events match what K8s actually committed.
-* Event tables are append-only. Historical billing can be
-  recomputed reproducibly.
-* `tenant_billing_lifecycle` mirrors created_at + deleted_at so
-  deleted tenants still have a final-invoice anchor.
-* All money is `NUMERIC`: 10,2 for CHF amounts, 10,5 for per-unit
-  prices.
-
---
-
 ## Deploy

-1. Extract this zip over your `pieced-portal/` source tree
-2. Build & push:
-   ```
-   ./buildanddeploy.sh    # or your usual flow
-   ```
-3. Bump the image tag in `gitops/apps/portal/deployment.yaml`,
-   commit, push. ArgoCD picks it up.
-4. On pod boot, the next DB query auto-runs `MIGRATION_SQL` (your
-   existing `ensureSchema` pattern). No manual `psql` needed.
+Extract over your `pieced-portal/` tree, rebuild, redeploy as
+usual. After the new image is running, verify:

---
+1. Suspend any test tenant from the `/admin` panel.
+2. Check the events table:

-## Testing (in order — don't skip steps)
-
-### Step 1 — Migration ran
-
-After the new pod is `Ready`, exec into the portal DB and verify
-all 11 new tables exist:
-
-```
-kubectl -n portal exec -it portal-db-1 -- \
-  psql -U portal -d portal -c "\dt"
+   ```bash
+   kubectl -n pieced-system exec -it portal-db-1 -- psql -U postgres -d portal -c \
+     "SELECT * FROM tenant_suspension_events ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 5;"
   ```

-You should see the new tables alongside the existing ones.
+   Expect a fresh `suspended` row for the tenant you just toggled.

-Sanity-check the single-row pricing config seed:
+3. Resume → expect a `resumed` row.

-```
-kubectl -n portal exec -it portal-db-1 -- \
-  psql -U portal -d portal -c "SELECT * FROM platform_pricing;"
-```
+## Why I missed this

-Expected: one row, all zeros, vat_rate_chli=8.10.
+Both routes share the same shape (PATCH/POST that sets
+`spec.suspend`), but they differ on:

-### Step 2 — Backfill existing tenants
+- URL path (`/api/admin/tenants/...` vs `/api/tenants/...`)
+- Method (POST vs PATCH)
+- Authorization (platform-only vs owner+platform)
+- Caller (admin panel vs customer cancel button)

-Run the backfill once. From a logged-in admin browser tab DevTools
-console:
-
-```js
-await fetch('/api/admin/billing/backfill', { method: 'POST' })
-  .then(r => r.json())
-```
-
-Expected response (numbers will vary):
-```
-{
-  "message": "Backfill complete.",
-  "tenantsExamined": 4,
-  "lifecycleInserted": 4,
-  "eventsInserted": 12,
-  "suspensionEventsInserted": 0
-}
-```
-
-Run it a SECOND time — all three "Inserted" counts should be 0
-(idempotency check).
-
-### Step 3 — Verify backfill data
-
-```
-kubectl -n portal exec -it portal-db-1 -- psql -U portal -d portal
-```
-
-```sql
-SELECT tenant_name, zitadel_org_id, created_at, deleted_at
-  FROM tenant_billing_lifecycle ORDER BY created_at;
-
-SELECT tenant_name, skill_id, event_kind, occurred_at
-  FROM tenant_skill_events ORDER BY tenant_name, occurred_at;
-```
-
-Cross-check against the live CR:
-```
-kubectl get piecedtenants -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{": "}{.spec.packages}{"\n"}{end}'
-```
-
-Every package currently in `spec.packages` should have a matching
-`enabled` event row.
-
-### Step 4 — Live skill toggle
-
-From the customer-facing tenant detail page, enable a package not
-previously present (e.g. `searxng-local-search`):
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM tenant_skill_events
- WHERE tenant_name = 'your-test-tenant'
- ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 3;
-```
-
-Expect a fresh `enabled` row. Disable the package → expect a
-`disabled` row on top.
-
-### Step 5 — Live suspend toggle
-
-Cancel a test tenant from the customer-side button:
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM tenant_suspension_events
- WHERE tenant_name = 'your-test-tenant'
- ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 3;
-```
-
-Expect a `suspended` row. Resume via the admin approval flow →
-expect a `resumed` row.
-
-### Step 6 — Live delete
-
-Delete a test tenant from the admin panel:
-
-```sql
-SELECT tenant_name, created_at, deleted_at
-  FROM tenant_billing_lifecycle
- WHERE tenant_name = 'your-deleted-tenant';
-```
-
-`deleted_at` should be stamped with roughly "now".
-
-### Step 7 — Pricing rows survive (optional)
-
-Direct-INSERT a price into `platform_pricing` and `skill_pricing`,
-restart the portal pod, confirm rows survive:
-
-```sql
-UPDATE platform_pricing
-   SET tenant_monthly_fee_chf = 49.00,
-       tenant_setup_fee_chf   = 99.00,
-       threema_message_chf    = 0.005
- WHERE id = 1;
-
-INSERT INTO skill_pricing (skill_id, daily_price_chf)
-VALUES ('searxng-local-search', 0.10)
-ON CONFLICT (skill_id) DO UPDATE
-   SET daily_price_chf = EXCLUDED.daily_price_chf;
-```
-
-No application behaviour changes from these — they're inert until
-Phase 2 starts computing invoices.
-
---
-
-## Rollback
-
-The migration is additive — no existing columns/tables touched.
-To roll back:
-
-1. Re-deploy the previous portal image (revert the tag in gitops)
-2. New tables remain in the DB but are unreferenced. Leave them
-   in place — Phase 2 will use them again. Or drop them:
-   ```sql
-   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS invoice_reminders, invoice_lines, invoices,
-     invoice_number_counters, org_payment_methods, org_billing_config,
-     tenant_suspension_events, tenant_skill_events,
-     tenant_billing_lifecycle, skill_pricing, platform_pricing CASCADE;
-   ```
-
---
-
-## What's NOT in this phase (by design)
-
-* No customer-facing /billing page
-* No admin pricing UI
-* No invoice generation
-* No PDF rendering
-* No Stripe wiring
-* No reminders or cron
-
-These are Phases 2-6.
+When I grepped for the suspend hook target I matched on the
+customer endpoint and didn't audit cross-cutting admin
+duplicates. I've since checked every site that calls
+`patchTenantSpec`, `createTenant`, or `deleteTenant` — this was
+the only missed billing-relevant one. Other `patchTenantSpec`
+sites are confirmed non-billing (openClawImage, channelUsers).
--- a/next.config.mjs
+++ b/next.config.mjs
@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@ const withNextIntl = createNextIntlPlugin();
 /** @type {import('next').NextConfig} */
 const nextConfig = {
  output: "standalone",
-  serverExternalPackages: ["pg"],
+  // pg uses native node bindings, @react-pdf/renderer pulls in
+  // fontkit / pdfkit which don't play nicely with webpack bundling.
+  // Both are pure server-side concerns; mark external so Next ships
+  // them as Node modules rather than bundling.
+  serverExternalPackages: ["pg", "@react-pdf/renderer"],
 };

 export default withNextIntl(nextConfig);
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "dependencies": {
        "@kubernetes/client-node": "^1.4.0",
+        "@react-pdf/renderer": "^4.4.0",
        "@types/nodemailer": "^8.0.0",
        "@types/pg": "^8.20.0",
        "next": "^15.5.15",
@@ -73,6 +74,15 @@
        }
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/@babel/runtime": {
+      "version": "7.29.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/runtime/-/runtime-7.29.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JiDShH45zKHWyGe4ZNVRrCjBz8Nh9TMmZG1kh4QTK8hCBTWBi8Da+i7s1fJw7/lYpM4ccepSNfqzZ/QvABBi5g==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.9.0"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/@emnapi/core": {
      "version": "1.9.2",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@emnapi/core/-/core-1.9.2.tgz",
@@ -1089,6 +1099,30 @@
        "node": ">= 10"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/@noble/ciphers": {
+      "version": "1.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/ciphers/-/ciphers-1.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2I0gnIVPtfnMw9ee9h1dJG7tp81+8Ob3OJb3Mv37rx5L40/b0i7djjCVvGOVqc9AEIQyvyu1i6ypKdFw8R8gQw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.21.3 || >=16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@noble/hashes": {
+      "version": "1.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/hashes/-/hashes-1.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jCs9ldd7NwzpgXDIf6P3+NrHh9/sD6CQdxHyjQI+h/6rDNo88ypBxxz45UDuZHz9r3tNz7N/VInSVoVdtXEI4A==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.21.3 || >=16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/@nodelib/fs.scandir": {
      "version": "2.1.5",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@nodelib/fs.scandir/-/fs.scandir-2.1.5.tgz",
@@ -1453,6 +1487,183 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/jonschlinkert"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/@react-pdf/fns": {
+      "version": "3.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@react-pdf/fns/-/fns-3.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0I7pApDr1/RLAKbizuLy/IHTEa93LSPy/bEwYniboC3Xqnp6Od8xFJKbKEzGw2wh/5zKFFwl00g4t9RwgIMc3w==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@react-pdf/font": {
+      "version": "4.0.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@react-pdf/font/-/font-4.0.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-deNd+emtZAJho1IlzKL9bRoLAGv/6oXOIKO2oZfs4RuXUrK1onLHbJO7e2YoVLPFP/sQxisRTnzdJFtd35iKwA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@react-pdf/pdfkit": "^5.1.1",
+        "@react-pdf/types": "^2.11.1",
+        "fontkit": "^2.0.2",
+        "is-url": "^1.2.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@react-pdf/image": {
+      "version": "3.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@react-pdf/image/-/image-3.1.0.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@react-pdf/svg": "^1.1.0",
+        "jay-peg": "^1.1.1",
+        "png-js": "^2.0.0"
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+    "node_modules/@react-pdf/layout": {
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@react-pdf/fns": "3.1.3",
+        "@react-pdf/image": "^3.1.0",
+        "@react-pdf/primitives": "^4.3.0",
+        "@react-pdf/stylesheet": "^6.2.1",
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+        "queue": "^6.0.1",
+        "yoga-layout": "^3.2.1"
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      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/po-parser/-/po-parser-2.1.1.tgz",
@@ -6259,6 +6695,12 @@
        "node": "^10 || ^12 || >=14"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/postcss-value-parser": {
+      "version": "4.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/postcss-value-parser/-/postcss-value-parser-4.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1NNCs6uurfkVbeXG4S8JFT9t19m45ICnif8zWLd5oPSZ50QnwMfK+H3jv408d4jw/7Bttv5axS5IiHoLaVNHeQ==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
    "node_modules/postgres-array": {
      "version": "2.0.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/postgres-array/-/postgres-array-2.0.0.tgz",
@@ -6331,7 +6773,6 @@
      "version": "15.8.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prop-types/-/prop-types-15.8.1.tgz",
      "integrity": "sha512-oj87CgZICdulUohogVAR7AjlC0327U4el4L6eAvOqCeudMDVU0NThNaV+b9Df4dXgSP1gXMTnPdhfe/2qDH5cg==",
-      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
        "loose-envify": "^1.4.0",
@@ -6359,6 +6800,15 @@
        "node": ">=6"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/queue": {
+      "version": "6.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/queue/-/queue-6.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iHZWu+q3IdFZFX36ro/lKBkSvfkztY5Y7HMiPlOUjhupPcG2JMfst2KKEpu5XndviX/3UhFbRngUPNKtgvtZiA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "inherits": "~2.0.3"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/queue-microtask": {
      "version": "1.2.3",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/queue-microtask/-/queue-microtask-1.2.3.tgz",
@@ -6405,7 +6855,6 @@
      "version": "16.13.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-is/-/react-is-16.13.1.tgz",
      "integrity": "sha512-24e6ynE2H+OKt4kqsOvNd8kBpV65zoxbA4BVsEOB3ARVWQki/DHzaUoC5KuON/BiccDaCCTZBuOcfZs70kR8bQ==",
-      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT"
    },
    "node_modules/reflect.getprototypeof": {
@@ -6452,6 +6901,15 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/require-from-string": {
+      "version": "2.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/require-from-string/-/require-from-string-2.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Xf0nWe6RseziFMu+Ap9biiUbmplq6S9/p+7w7YXP/JBHhrUDDUhwa+vANyubuqfZWTveU//DYVGsDG7RKL/vEw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/resolve": {
      "version": "2.0.0-next.6",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/resolve/-/resolve-2.0.0-next.6.tgz",
@@ -6496,6 +6954,12 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/privatenumber/resolve-pkg-maps?sponsor=1"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/restructure": {
+      "version": "3.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/restructure/-/restructure-3.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-gSfoiOEA0VPE6Tukkrr7I0RBdE0s7H1eFCDBk05l1KIQT1UIKNc5JZy6jdyW6eYH3aR3g5b3PuL77rq0hvwtAw==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
    "node_modules/reusify": {
      "version": "1.1.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/reusify/-/reusify-1.1.0.tgz",
@@ -6557,6 +7021,26 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/safe-buffer": {
+      "version": "5.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/safe-buffer/-/safe-buffer-5.2.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rp3So07KcdmmKbGvgaNxQSJr7bGVSVk5S9Eq1F+ppbRo70+YeaDxkw5Dd8NPN+GD6bjnYm2VuPuCXmpuYvmCXQ==",
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/feross"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "patreon",
+          "url": "https://www.patreon.com/feross"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "consulting",
+          "url": "https://feross.org/support"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
    "node_modules/safe-push-apply": {
      "version": "1.0.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/safe-push-apply/-/safe-push-apply-1.0.0.tgz",
@@ -6901,6 +7385,15 @@
        "text-decoder": "^1.1.0"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/string_decoder": {
+      "version": "1.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string_decoder/-/string_decoder-1.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hkRX8U1WjJFd8LsDJ2yQ/wWWxaopEsABU1XfkM8A+j0+85JAGppt16cr1Whg6KIbb4okU6Mql6BOj+uup/wKeA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "safe-buffer": "~5.2.0"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/string.prototype.includes": {
      "version": "2.0.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string.prototype.includes/-/string.prototype.includes-2.0.1.tgz",
@@ -7086,6 +7579,12 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/svg-arc-to-cubic-bezier": {
+      "version": "3.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/svg-arc-to-cubic-bezier/-/svg-arc-to-cubic-bezier-3.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-djbJ/vZKZO+gPoSDThGNpKDO+o+bAeA4XQKovvkNCqnIS2t+S4qnLAGQhyyrulhCFRl1WWzAp0wUDV8PpTVU3g==",
+      "license": "ISC"
+    },
    "node_modules/tailwindcss": {
      "version": "4.2.2",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tailwindcss/-/tailwindcss-4.2.2.tgz",
@@ -7151,6 +7650,12 @@
        "b4a": "^1.6.4"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/tiny-inflate": {
+      "version": "1.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tiny-inflate/-/tiny-inflate-1.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pkY1fj1cKHb2seWDy0B16HeWyczlJA9/WW3u3c4z/NiWDsO3DOU5D7nhTLE9CF0yXv/QZFY7sEJmj24dK+Rrqw==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
    "node_modules/tinyglobby": {
      "version": "0.2.16",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tinyglobby/-/tinyglobby-0.2.16.tgz",
@@ -7380,6 +7885,32 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-iwDZqg0QAGrg9Rav5H4n0M64c3mkR59cJ6wQp+7C4nI0gsmExaedaYLNO44eT4AtBBwjbTiGPMlt2Md0T9H9JQ==",
      "license": "MIT"
    },
+    "node_modules/unicode-properties": {
+      "version": "1.4.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/unicode-properties/-/unicode-properties-1.4.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-CLjCCLQ6UuMxWnbIylkisbRj31qxHPAurvena/0iwSVbQ2G1VY5/HjV0IRabOEbDHlzZlRdCrD4NhB0JtU40Pg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "base64-js": "^1.3.0",
+        "unicode-trie": "^2.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/unicode-trie": {
+      "version": "2.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/unicode-trie/-/unicode-trie-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-x7bc76x0bm4prf1VLg79uhAzKw8DVboClSN5VxJuQ+LKDOVEW9CdH+VY7SP+vX7xCYQqzzgQpFqz15zeLvAtZQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "pako": "^0.2.5",
+        "tiny-inflate": "^1.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/unicode-trie/node_modules/pako": {
+      "version": "0.2.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/pako/-/pako-0.2.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-NUcwaKxUxWrZLpDG+z/xZaCgQITkA/Dv4V/T6bw7VON6l1Xz/VnrBqrYjZQ12TamKHzITTfOEIYUj48y2KXImA==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
    "node_modules/unrs-resolver": {
      "version": "1.11.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/unrs-resolver/-/unrs-resolver-1.11.1.tgz",
@@ -7446,6 +7977,26 @@
        "react": "^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || >=19.0.0-rc <19.0.0 || ^19.0.0"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/util-deprecate": {
+      "version": "1.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/util-deprecate/-/util-deprecate-1.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-EPD5q1uXyFxJpCrLnCc1nHnq3gOa6DZBocAIiI2TaSCA7VCJ1UJDMagCzIkXNsUYfD1daK//LTEQ8xiIbrHtcw==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/vite-compatible-readable-stream": {
+      "version": "3.6.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite-compatible-readable-stream/-/vite-compatible-readable-stream-3.6.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-t20zYkrSf868+j/p31cRIGN28Phrjm3nRSLR2fyc2tiWi4cZGVdv68yNlwnIINTkMTmPoMiSlc0OadaO7DXZaQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "inherits": "^2.0.3",
+        "string_decoder": "^1.1.1",
+        "util-deprecate": "^1.0.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 6"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/webidl-conversions": {
      "version": "3.0.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/webidl-conversions/-/webidl-conversions-3.0.1.tgz",
@@ -7626,6 +8177,12 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/yoga-layout": {
+      "version": "3.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yoga-layout/-/yoga-layout-3.2.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0LPOt3AxKqMdFBZA3HBAt/t/8vIKq7VaQYbuA8WxCgung+p9TVyKRYdpvCb80HcdTN2NkbIKbhNwKUfm3tQywQ==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
    "node_modules/zod": {
      "version": "3.25.76",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zod/-/zod-3.25.76.tgz",
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@kubernetes/client-node": "^1.4.0",
+    "@react-pdf/renderer": "^4.4.0",
    "@types/nodemailer": "^8.0.0",
    "@types/pg": "^8.20.0",
    "next": "^15.5.15",
--- a/src/app/[locale]/admin/billing/generate/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/[locale]/admin/billing/generate/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import { redirect } from "next/navigation";
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server";
+import { getSessionUser } from "@/lib/session";
+import { listTenants } from "@/lib/k8s";
+import { getOrgBilling } from "@/lib/db";
+import { BackLink } from "@/components/ui/back-link";
+import { GenerateForm } from "@/components/admin/billing/generate-form";
+
+/**
+ * /admin/billing/generate — testing tool to compute & commit an
+ * invoice for a given (org, period).
+ *
+ * Workflow:
+ *   1. Admin picks org + year/month + locale (default auto-detected
+ *      from country).
+ *   2. "Preview" runs computeInvoiceDraft (dryRun) — shows lines,
+ *      totals, warnings.
+ *   3. "Commit" persists + renders the PDF.
+ *
+ * The org dropdown is hydrated server-side here so the page loads
+ * with the list pre-populated. Per-org billing status (address
+ * present / open balance) is fetched on demand from /api/admin/
+ * billing/orgs since it can change as admin edits.
+ */
+export default async function AdminBillingGeneratePage() {
+  const user = await getSessionUser();
+  if (!user) redirect("/login");
+  if (!user.isPlatform) redirect("/dashboard");
+  const t = await getTranslations("adminBilling");
+
+  // Build initial org list from tenant labels.
+  const tenants = await listTenants();
+  const orgMap = new Map<string, string[]>();
+  for (const t of tenants) {
+    const oid = t.metadata.labels?.["pieced.ch/zitadel-org-id"];
+    if (!oid) continue;
+    if (!orgMap.has(oid)) orgMap.set(oid, []);
+    orgMap.get(oid)!.push(t.metadata.name);
+  }
+  // Hydrate company name + country in parallel.
+  const orgList = await Promise.all(
+    [...orgMap.entries()].map(async ([orgId, tenantNames]) => {
+      const billing = await getOrgBilling(orgId).catch(() => null);
+      return {
+        zitadelOrgId: orgId,
+        tenantNames,
+        companyName: billing?.companyName ?? null,
+        country: billing?.country ?? null,
+        hasBillingAddress: !!billing,
+      };
+    })
+  );
+  orgList.sort((a, b) =>
+    (a.companyName ?? a.zitadelOrgId).localeCompare(
+      b.companyName ?? b.zitadelOrgId
+    )
+  );
+
+  return (
+    <main className="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-6 py-8">
+      <BackLink href="/admin/billing" label={t("backToBilling")} />
+      <div className="mb-8 animate-in">
+        <h1 className="font-display text-2xl font-semibold accent-rule">
+          {t("generateTitle")}
+        </h1>
+        <p className="text-sm text-text-secondary mt-3">{t("generatePageDesc")}</p>
+      </div>
+      <GenerateForm orgs={orgList} />
+    </main>
+  );
+}
--- a/src/app/[locale]/admin/billing/invoices/[id]/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/[locale]/admin/billing/invoices/[id]/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { notFound, redirect } from "next/navigation";
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server";
+import { getSessionUser } from "@/lib/session";
+import { getInvoiceDetail } from "@/lib/db";
+import { BackLink } from "@/components/ui/back-link";
+import { InvoiceDetailView } from "@/components/admin/billing/invoice-detail-view";
+
+/**
+ * /admin/billing/invoices/[id] — full detail of one invoice.
+ *
+ * Server-renders the static body (header, lines, totals, billing
+ * snapshot); the action bar (mark-paid, delete, PDF download) is
+ * a client component for the interactive bits.
+ */
+export default async function AdminInvoiceDetailPage({
+  params,
+}: {
+  params: Promise<{ id: string }>;
+}) {
+  const user = await getSessionUser();
+  if (!user) redirect("/login");
+  if (!user.isPlatform) redirect("/dashboard");
+  const t = await getTranslations("adminBilling");
+
+  const { id } = await params;
+  const detail = await getInvoiceDetail(id);
+  if (!detail) notFound();
+
+  return (
+    <main className="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-6 py-8">
+      <BackLink href="/admin/billing/invoices" label={t("backToInvoices")} />
+      <InvoiceDetailView detail={detail} />
+    </main>
+  );
+}
--- a/src/app/[locale]/admin/billing/invoices/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/[locale]/admin/billing/invoices/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { redirect } from "next/navigation";
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server";
+import { getSessionUser } from "@/lib/session";
+import { listInvoices, syncOverdueInvoices } from "@/lib/db";
+import { BackLink } from "@/components/ui/back-link";
+import { InvoicesTable } from "@/components/admin/billing/invoices-table";
+
+/**
+ * /admin/billing/invoices — list of all issued invoices, filterable
+ * by status and month. Click a row to drill into detail.
+ *
+ * Server-renders the initial table with no filters applied (showing
+ * the most recent 200). Client filters trigger a fetch with query
+ * params and re-render in place.
+ */
+export default async function AdminInvoicesListPage() {
+  const user = await getSessionUser();
+  if (!user) redirect("/login");
+  if (!user.isPlatform) redirect("/dashboard");
+  const t = await getTranslations("adminBilling");
+
+  await syncOverdueInvoices().catch((e) =>
+    console.error("syncOverdueInvoices failed:", e)
+  );
+  const invoices = await listInvoices({ limit: 200 });
+
+  return (
+    <main className="max-w-5xl mx-auto px-6 py-8">
+      <BackLink href="/admin/billing" label={t("backToBilling")} />
+      <div className="mb-8 animate-in">
+        <h1 className="font-display text-2xl font-semibold accent-rule">
+          {t("invoicesTitle")}
+        </h1>
+        <p className="text-sm text-text-secondary mt-3">{t("invoicesPageDesc")}</p>
+      </div>
+      <InvoicesTable initialInvoices={invoices} />
+    </main>
+  );
+}
--- a/src/app/[locale]/admin/billing/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/[locale]/admin/billing/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import Link from "next/link";
+import { redirect } from "next/navigation";
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server";
+import { getSessionUser } from "@/lib/session";
+import { getOrgOpenBalances, syncOverdueInvoices } from "@/lib/db";
+import { Card } from "@/components/ui/card";
+
+/**
+ * /admin/billing — landing page with sub-section links and a
+ * quick overview of orgs in arrears.
+ *
+ * Sub-pages:
+ *   - /admin/billing/pricing   — platform + skill prices
+ *   - /admin/billing/generate  — manual invoice generator (testing)
+ *   - /admin/billing/invoices  — invoice list/detail
+ *
+ * The Phase 2 customer-side /billing landing page is added in
+ * Phase 3.
+ */
+export default async function AdminBillingPage() {
+  const user = await getSessionUser();
+  if (!user) redirect("/login");
+  if (!user.isPlatform) redirect("/dashboard");
+  const t = await getTranslations("adminBilling");
+
+  // Sweep open invoices past due → 'overdue' so the counters below
+  // reflect reality without needing a cron.
+  await syncOverdueInvoices().catch((e) =>
+    console.error("syncOverdueInvoices failed:", e)
+  );
+  const balances = await getOrgOpenBalances().catch(() => []);
+  const totalOpen = balances.reduce((acc, b) => acc + b.totalOpenChf, 0);
+  const totalOverdue = balances.reduce((acc, b) => acc + b.overdueCount, 0);
+
+  return (
+    <main className="max-w-5xl mx-auto px-6 py-8">
+      <div className="mb-8 animate-in">
+        <h1 className="font-display text-2xl font-semibold accent-rule">
+          {t("title")}
+        </h1>
+        <p className="text-sm text-text-secondary mt-3">{t("subtitle")}</p>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Stats strip */}
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-4 mb-8 animate-in animate-in-delay-1">
+        <Card>
+          <div className="text-xs text-text-muted">{t("totalOpenBalance")}</div>
+          <div className="text-2xl font-semibold mt-1">
+            CHF {totalOpen.toFixed(2)}
+          </div>
+        </Card>
+        <Card>
+          <div className="text-xs text-text-muted">{t("orgsWithBalance")}</div>
+          <div className="text-2xl font-semibold mt-1">{balances.length}</div>
+        </Card>
+        <Card>
+          <div className="text-xs text-text-muted">{t("overdueInvoices")}</div>
+          <div className="text-2xl font-semibold mt-1">
+            {totalOverdue > 0 ? (
+              <span className="text-error">{totalOverdue}</span>
+            ) : (
+              totalOverdue
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </Card>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Sub-tool cards */}
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-4 mb-8 animate-in animate-in-delay-2">
+        <Link href="/admin/billing/pricing">
+          <Card interactive>
+            <div className="font-semibold mb-1">{t("pricingTitle")}</div>
+            <div className="text-sm text-text-muted">{t("pricingDesc")}</div>
+          </Card>
+        </Link>
+        <Link href="/admin/billing/generate">
+          <Card interactive>
+            <div className="font-semibold mb-1">{t("generateTitle")}</div>
+            <div className="text-sm text-text-muted">{t("generateDesc")}</div>
+          </Card>
+        </Link>
+        <Link href="/admin/billing/invoices">
+          <Card interactive>
+            <div className="font-semibold mb-1">{t("invoicesTitle")}</div>
+            <div className="text-sm text-text-muted">{t("invoicesDesc")}</div>
+          </Card>
+        </Link>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Orgs with open balance */}
+      {balances.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="animate-in animate-in-delay-3">
+          <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">{t("balancesTitle")}</h2>
+          <Card>
+            <table className="w-full text-sm">
+              <thead className="text-xs text-text-muted text-left">
+                <tr>
+                  <th className="pb-2">{t("orgIdCol")}</th>
+                  <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("openCountCol")}</th>
+                  <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("overdueCountCol")}</th>
+                  <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("totalOpenCol")}</th>
+                </tr>
+              </thead>
+              <tbody>
+                {balances.map((b) => (
+                  <tr key={b.zitadelOrgId} className="border-t border-border">
+                    <td className="py-2 font-mono text-xs">{b.zitadelOrgId}</td>
+                    <td className="py-2 text-right">{b.openCount}</td>
+                    <td className="py-2 text-right">
+                      {b.overdueCount > 0 ? (
+                        <span className="text-error">{b.overdueCount}</span>
+                      ) : (
+                        <span className="text-text-muted">0</span>
+                      )}
+                    </td>
+                    <td className="py-2 text-right">
+                      CHF {b.totalOpenChf.toFixed(2)}
+                    </td>
+                  </tr>
+                ))}
+              </tbody>
+            </table>
+          </Card>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </main>
+  );
+}
--- a/src/app/[locale]/admin/billing/pricing/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/[locale]/admin/billing/pricing/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { redirect } from "next/navigation";
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server";
+import { getSessionUser } from "@/lib/session";
+import { getPlatformPricing, listSkillPricing } from "@/lib/db";
+import { PACKAGE_CATALOG } from "@/lib/packages";
+import { BackLink } from "@/components/ui/back-link";
+import { PricingEditor } from "@/components/admin/billing/pricing-editor";
+
+/**
+ * /admin/billing/pricing — edit platform-wide pricing config
+ * (monthly fee, setup fee, Threema per-message, VAT rate for
+ * CH/LI) and per-skill daily prices.
+ *
+ * Single-row platform_pricing semantics: one global pricing
+ * config applies to every tenant. No per-tenant overrides in
+ * v1.
+ */
+export default async function AdminBillingPricingPage() {
+  const user = await getSessionUser();
+  if (!user) redirect("/login");
+  if (!user.isPlatform) redirect("/dashboard");
+  const t = await getTranslations("adminBilling");
+
+  const [pricing, skillPricing] = await Promise.all([
+    getPlatformPricing(),
+    listSkillPricing(),
+  ]);
+
+  // Surface every package in the catalog so admin can price any of
+  // them — UI defaults the picker to skill-kind entries but doesn't
+  // hard-block other kinds (a future scenario where a non-skill
+  // package gets a per-day price shouldn't need a code change).
+  const catalog = Object.values(PACKAGE_CATALOG).map((p) => ({
+    id: p.id,
+    name: p.name,
+    category: p.category,
+  }));
+
+  return (
+    <main className="max-w-4xl mx-auto px-6 py-8">
+      <BackLink href="/admin/billing" label={t("backToBilling")} />
+      <div className="mb-8 animate-in">
+        <h1 className="font-display text-2xl font-semibold accent-rule">
+          {t("pricingTitle")}
+        </h1>
+        <p className="text-sm text-text-secondary mt-3">{t("pricingPageDesc")}</p>
+      </div>
+      <PricingEditor
+        initialPricing={pricing}
+        initialSkillPricing={skillPricing}
+        catalog={catalog}
+      />
+    </main>
+  );
+}
--- a/src/app/[locale]/admin/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/[locale]/admin/page.tsx
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ export default async function AdminPage() {
        {/* Sub-tools: links to other admin pages. Plain links rather
            than nav-shell entries — these are platform-team utilities,
            not main navigation. */}
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+          <a
+            href="/admin/billing"
+            className="text-sm px-4 py-2 rounded-lg border border-border text-text-secondary hover:text-text-primary hover:border-text-secondary transition-colors"
+          >
+            {t("billingTool")}
+          </a>
          <a
            href="/admin/openclaw"
            className="text-sm px-4 py-2 rounded-lg border border-border text-text-secondary hover:text-text-primary hover:border-text-secondary transition-colors"
@@ -39,6 +46,7 @@ export default async function AdminPage() {
            {t("openclawTool")}
          </a>
        </div>
+      </div>

      <div className="animate-in animate-in-delay-1">
        <AdminPanel initialTenants={tenants} />
--- a/src/app/api/admin/billing/generate/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/billing/generate/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { z } from "zod";
+import { requirePlatformRole } from "@/lib/session";
+import { generateInvoice } from "@/lib/billing";
+import { safeError } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+/**
+ * POST /api/admin/billing/generate
+ *
+ * Compute (and optionally commit) an invoice for an (org, year,
+ * month). Platform-only — this is the testing/admin tool.
+ *
+ * Body:
+ *   {
+ *     zitadelOrgId: string,
+ *     year: number (e.g. 2026),
+ *     month: number (1-12),
+ *     locale?: 'de' | 'en' | 'fr' | 'it',  // default: from country
+ *     dryRun?: boolean                      // default: false
+ *   }
+ *
+ * Response on success:
+ *   {
+ *     draft: InvoiceDraft,           // line breakdown + warnings
+ *     invoice: Invoice | null,       // null when dryRun=true
+ *   }
+ *
+ * If an invoice for that (org, period) already exists, returns
+ * 409 with a clear message. Use the delete endpoint first to
+ * regenerate.
+ */
+
+const bodySchema = z.object({
+  zitadelOrgId: z.string().min(1),
+  year: z.number().int().min(2020).max(2100),
+  month: z.number().int().min(1).max(12),
+  locale: z.enum(["de", "en", "fr", "it"]).optional(),
+  dryRun: z.boolean().optional().default(false),
+});
+
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Forbidden" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+  const body = await request.json().catch(() => ({}));
+  const parsed = bodySchema.safeParse(body);
+  if (!parsed.success) {
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { error: "Invalid request", details: parsed.error.flatten() },
+      { status: 400 }
+    );
+  }
+  try {
+    const result = await generateInvoice(parsed.data);
+    return NextResponse.json(result);
+  } catch (e: any) {
+    console.error("Invoice generation failed:", e);
+    const msg = safeError(e, "Generation failed");
+    // Specific 409 for the "already exists" case so the UI can
+    // show a "delete first" link.
+    const status = /already exists/i.test(msg) ? 409 : 500;
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: msg }, { status });
+  }
+}
--- a/src/app/api/admin/billing/invoices/[id]/mark-paid/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/billing/invoices/[id]/mark-paid/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { z } from "zod";
+import { requirePlatformRole, getSessionUser } from "@/lib/session";
+import { markInvoicePaid } from "@/lib/db";
+import { safeError } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+/**
+ * POST /api/admin/billing/invoices/[id]/mark-paid
+ *
+ * Manually mark an open/overdue invoice as paid. Used for the
+ * "pay by invoice" flow where the customer transfers money to
+ * the bank account printed on the PDF and the admin reconciles
+ * by hand.
+ *
+ * Body (all optional):
+ *   {
+ *     paidAt?: ISO timestamp,        // defaults to now
+ *     note?: string                  // free-form, stored in paid_method_detail
+ *   }
+ *
+ * paid_by is set to the admin user's id automatically.
+ * Idempotent: trying to mark an already-paid invoice returns 409.
+ *
+ * Phase 4 will introduce a parallel auto-paid path triggered by
+ * Stripe webhooks; for Phase 2 this is the only way to flip the
+ * status.
+ */
+
+const bodySchema = z.object({
+  paidAt: z.string().datetime().optional(),
+  note: z.string().max(500).optional(),
+});
+
+export async function POST(
+  request: Request,
+  { params }: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> }
+) {
+  let user;
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+    user = await getSessionUser();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Forbidden" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+  if (!user) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Unauthorized" }, { status: 401 });
+  }
+  const { id } = await params;
+  const body = await request.json().catch(() => ({}));
+  const parsed = bodySchema.safeParse(body);
+  if (!parsed.success) {
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { error: "Invalid request", details: parsed.error.flatten() },
+      { status: 400 }
+    );
+  }
+  try {
+    const detail = parsed.data.note
+      ? `${user.id}: ${parsed.data.note}`
+      : user.id;
+    const invoice = await markInvoicePaid(id, {
+      paidBy: "manual",
+      paidMethodDetail: detail,
+      paidAt: parsed.data.paidAt ? new Date(parsed.data.paidAt) : undefined,
+    });
+    if (!invoice) {
+      // Either not found or status not in {open, overdue}.
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: "Invoice not found, or already paid/void." },
+        { status: 409 }
+      );
+    }
+    return NextResponse.json(invoice);
+  } catch (e) {
+    console.error("Failed to mark invoice paid:", e);
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { error: safeError(e, "Mark-paid failed") },
+      { status: 500 }
+    );
+  }
+}
--- a/src/app/api/admin/billing/invoices/[id]/pdf/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/billing/invoices/[id]/pdf/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { requirePlatformRole } from "@/lib/session";
+import { getInvoicePdf } from "@/lib/db";
+
+/**
+ * GET /api/admin/billing/invoices/[id]/pdf
+ *
+ * Streams the stored PDF bytes for an invoice. The bytea column is
+ * read once and returned as an octet stream; no on-the-fly
+ * re-rendering — PDFs are immutable once issued.
+ *
+ * Phase 3 will add a parallel customer-facing route at
+ * /api/billing/invoices/[id]/pdf with org-scoped authorization.
+ */
+export async function GET(
+  _request: Request,
+  { params }: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> }
+) {
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+  } catch {
+    return new NextResponse("Forbidden", { status: 403 });
+  }
+  const { id } = await params;
+  const pdf = await getInvoicePdf(id);
+  if (!pdf) {
+    return new NextResponse("Not found", { status: 404 });
+  }
+  // Web `Response`'s BodyInit accepts BufferSource, which IS satisfied
+  // by a Uint8Array. But the pg-returned Buffer types as
+  // `Uint8Array<ArrayBufferLike>` (the @types/node 22+ generic form),
+  // and lib.dom's BufferSource only accepts `Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>` —
+  // the narrower concrete form. The variance kills assignability,
+  // even though Buffer extends Uint8Array at runtime.
+  //
+  // `Uint8Array.from(buf)` allocates a fresh typed array; the result
+  // is `Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>` (concrete generic), which BodyInit
+  // accepts. Copy cost is trivial at PDF sizes.
+  const body = Uint8Array.from(pdf.data);
+  return new NextResponse(body, {
+    status: 200,
+    headers: {
+      "Content-Type": "application/pdf",
+      "Content-Disposition": `inline; filename="${pdf.filename}"`,
+      "Cache-Control": "private, max-age=0, must-revalidate",
+    },
+  });
+}
--- a/src/app/api/admin/billing/invoices/[id]/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/billing/invoices/[id]/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { requirePlatformRole } from "@/lib/session";
+import { deleteInvoice, getInvoiceDetail } from "@/lib/db";
+import { safeError } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+/**
+ * GET /api/admin/billing/invoices/[id]
+ * Detail view: invoice + lines.
+ *
+ * DELETE /api/admin/billing/invoices/[id]
+ * Hard delete (testing tool). Invoice number is consumed — gaps
+ * in the sequence are intentional and documented. Reminders
+ * (and their PDFs) cascade-delete via the FK.
+ */
+export async function GET(
+  _request: Request,
+  { params }: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> }
+) {
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Forbidden" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+  const { id } = await params;
+  const detail = await getInvoiceDetail(id);
+  if (!detail) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Not found" }, { status: 404 });
+  }
+  return NextResponse.json(detail);
+}
+
+export async function DELETE(
+  _request: Request,
+  { params }: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> }
+) {
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Forbidden" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+  const { id } = await params;
+  try {
+    const ok = await deleteInvoice(id);
+    if (!ok) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "Not found" }, { status: 404 });
+    }
+    return NextResponse.json({ message: "Deleted." });
+  } catch (e) {
+    console.error("Failed to delete invoice:", e);
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { error: safeError(e, "Delete failed") },
+      { status: 500 }
+    );
+  }
+}
--- a/src/app/api/admin/billing/invoices/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/billing/invoices/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { requirePlatformRole } from "@/lib/session";
+import { listInvoices, syncOverdueInvoices } from "@/lib/db";
+import type { InvoiceStatus } from "@/types";
+
+/**
+ * GET /api/admin/billing/invoices
+ *
+ * List invoices for admin. Optional filters:
+ *   ?status=open|paid|overdue|void|uncollectible
+ *   ?orgId=...
+ *   ?month=YYYY-MM
+ *   ?limit=200
+ *
+ * Refreshes overdue status on each call (cheap UPDATE), so the
+ * admin list always reflects the latest due-date math without
+ * needing a cron.
+ */
+export async function GET(request: Request) {
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Forbidden" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+
+  await syncOverdueInvoices().catch((e) =>
+    console.error("syncOverdueInvoices failed:", e)
+  );
+
+  const { searchParams } = new URL(request.url);
+  const status = searchParams.get("status") as InvoiceStatus | null;
+  const orgId = searchParams.get("orgId");
+  const month = searchParams.get("month");
+  const limitParam = searchParams.get("limit");
+  const limit = limitParam ? Math.max(1, Math.min(1000, parseInt(limitParam, 10))) : 200;
+
+  const invoices = await listInvoices({
+    status: status ?? undefined,
+    zitadelOrgId: orgId ?? undefined,
+    periodMonth: month ?? undefined,
+    limit,
+  });
+  return NextResponse.json(invoices);
+}
--- a/src/app/api/admin/billing/orgs/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/billing/orgs/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { requirePlatformRole } from "@/lib/session";
+import { listTenants } from "@/lib/k8s";
+import { getOrgBilling, getOrgOpenBalances } from "@/lib/db";
+
+/**
+ * GET /api/admin/billing/orgs
+ *
+ * Returns the orgs known to the platform via tenant labels, with
+ * their billing-address-on-file status and open balance summary.
+ * Powers the generate form's org dropdown and the billing landing
+ * page's open-balance table.
+ *
+ * Each entry:
+ *   {
+ *     zitadelOrgId: string,
+ *     tenantCount: number,
+ *     hasBillingAddress: boolean,
+ *     companyName: string | null,
+ *     openCount: number,
+ *     overdueCount: number,
+ *     totalOpenChf: number
+ *   }
+ */
+export async function GET() {
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Forbidden" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+
+  // Org membership is derived from tenant labels — there's no
+  // separate "orgs" table on the portal. listTenants reads from
+  // K8s, which is the source of truth.
+  const tenants = await listTenants();
+  const orgIdToTenants = new Map<string, string[]>();
+  for (const t of tenants) {
+    const oid = t.metadata.labels?.["pieced.ch/zitadel-org-id"];
+    if (!oid) continue;
+    if (!orgIdToTenants.has(oid)) orgIdToTenants.set(oid, []);
+    orgIdToTenants.get(oid)!.push(t.metadata.name);
+  }
+
+  const balances = await getOrgOpenBalances();
+  const balanceMap = new Map(balances.map((b) => [b.zitadelOrgId, b]));
+
+  // Hydrate billing-address presence + company name per org.
+  const results = await Promise.all(
+    [...orgIdToTenants.entries()].map(async ([orgId, tenantNames]) => {
+      const billing = await getOrgBilling(orgId).catch(() => null);
+      const bal = balanceMap.get(orgId);
+      return {
+        zitadelOrgId: orgId,
+        tenantCount: tenantNames.length,
+        tenantNames,
+        hasBillingAddress: !!billing,
+        companyName: billing?.companyName ?? null,
+        country: billing?.country ?? null,
+        openCount: bal?.openCount ?? 0,
+        overdueCount: bal?.overdueCount ?? 0,
+        totalOpenChf: bal?.totalOpenChf ?? 0,
+      };
+    })
+  );
+
+  // Sort: orgs with overdue first, then open, then by name.
+  results.sort((a, b) => {
+    if (a.overdueCount !== b.overdueCount) {
+      return b.overdueCount - a.overdueCount;
+    }
+    if (a.openCount !== b.openCount) {
+      return b.openCount - a.openCount;
+    }
+    return (a.companyName ?? a.zitadelOrgId).localeCompare(
+      b.companyName ?? b.zitadelOrgId
+    );
+  });
+
+  return NextResponse.json(results);
+}
--- a/src/app/api/admin/billing/pricing/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/billing/pricing/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { z } from "zod";
+import { requirePlatformRole } from "@/lib/session";
+import { getPlatformPricing, updatePlatformPricing } from "@/lib/db";
+import { safeError } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+/**
+ * GET /api/admin/billing/pricing
+ * Returns the single-row platform pricing config.
+ *
+ * PUT /api/admin/billing/pricing
+ * Updates one or more pricing fields. Missing fields are left
+ * unchanged.
+ *
+ * Both endpoints are platform-role only.
+ */
+
+const updateSchema = z.object({
+  tenantMonthlyFeeChf: z.number().min(0).max(99_999_999).optional(),
+  tenantSetupFeeChf: z.number().min(0).max(99_999_999).optional(),
+  threemaMessageChf: z.number().min(0).max(1000).optional(),
+  vatRateChli: z.number().min(0).max(100).optional(),
+});
+
+export async function GET() {
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Forbidden" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+  const pricing = await getPlatformPricing();
+  return NextResponse.json(pricing);
+}
+
+export async function PUT(request: Request) {
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Forbidden" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+  const body = await request.json().catch(() => ({}));
+  const parsed = updateSchema.safeParse(body);
+  if (!parsed.success) {
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { error: "Invalid pricing payload", details: parsed.error.flatten() },
+      { status: 400 }
+    );
+  }
+  try {
+    const updated = await updatePlatformPricing(parsed.data);
+    return NextResponse.json(updated);
+  } catch (e) {
+    console.error("Failed to update platform pricing:", e);
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { error: safeError(e, "Update failed") },
+      { status: 500 }
+    );
+  }
+}
--- a/src/app/api/admin/billing/skill-pricing/[skill]/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/billing/skill-pricing/[skill]/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { requirePlatformRole } from "@/lib/session";
+import { removeSkillPricing } from "@/lib/db";
+import { safeError } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+/**
+ * DELETE /api/admin/billing/skill-pricing/[skill]
+ * Remove pricing for a skill. Toggle events continue to be
+ * recorded; the skill simply becomes free starting from the next
+ * generated invoice. Historical invoices already issued are
+ * unaffected (they carry frozen line amounts).
+ */
+export async function DELETE(
+  _request: Request,
+  { params }: { params: Promise<{ skill: string }> }
+) {
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Forbidden" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+  const { skill } = await params;
+  try {
+    await removeSkillPricing(skill);
+    return NextResponse.json({ message: "Removed." });
+  } catch (e) {
+    console.error("Failed to remove skill pricing:", e);
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { error: safeError(e, "Remove failed") },
+      { status: 500 }
+    );
+  }
+}
--- a/src/app/api/admin/billing/skill-pricing/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/billing/skill-pricing/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { z } from "zod";
+import { requirePlatformRole } from "@/lib/session";
+import { listSkillPricing, setSkillPricing } from "@/lib/db";
+import { getPackageDef } from "@/lib/packages";
+import { safeError } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+/**
+ * GET /api/admin/billing/skill-pricing
+ *   List all configured skill prices.
+ *
+ * PUT /api/admin/billing/skill-pricing
+ *   Upsert a daily price for a single skill. Body:
+ *     { skillId: string, dailyPriceChf: number }
+ *
+ * Both endpoints are platform-only.
+ *
+ * Note on skillId validation: we accept any package id that exists
+ * in PACKAGE_CATALOG. The PIN to "skills only" is enforced at the
+ * UI layer, not here, so admins can price a non-skill package in
+ * an emergency without code changes.
+ */
+
+const upsertSchema = z.object({
+  skillId: z.string().min(1).max(100),
+  dailyPriceChf: z.number().min(0).max(1_000_000),
+  // Optional with default 0 so existing API callers keep working.
+  // Setup fee fires once per (tenant, skill); see billing.ts.
+  setupFeeChf: z.number().min(0).max(1_000_000).optional().default(0),
+});
+
+export async function GET() {
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Forbidden" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+  const rows = await listSkillPricing();
+  return NextResponse.json(rows);
+}
+
+export async function PUT(request: Request) {
+  try {
+    await requirePlatformRole();
+  } catch {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Forbidden" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+  const body = await request.json().catch(() => ({}));
+  const parsed = upsertSchema.safeParse(body);
+  if (!parsed.success) {
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { error: "Invalid payload", details: parsed.error.flatten() },
+      { status: 400 }
+    );
+  }
+  // Validate the skill id exists in PACKAGE_CATALOG. Returns null
+  // for unknown ids; we reject those rather than persist a row that
+  // would never match a real toggle event.
+  const pkg = getPackageDef(parsed.data.skillId);
+  if (!pkg) {
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { error: `Unknown package id: ${parsed.data.skillId}` },
+      { status: 400 }
+    );
+  }
+  try {
+    const row = await setSkillPricing(
+      parsed.data.skillId,
+      parsed.data.dailyPriceChf,
+      parsed.data.setupFeeChf
+    );
+    return NextResponse.json(row);
+  } catch (e) {
+    console.error("Failed to upsert skill pricing:", e);
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { error: safeError(e, "Upsert failed") },
+      { status: 500 }
+    );
+  }
+}
--- a/src/app/api/admin/tenants/[name]/suspend/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/tenants/[name]/suspend/route.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
 import { requirePlatformRole } from "@/lib/session";
 import { getTenant, patchTenantSpec } from "@/lib/k8s";
+import { recordSuspensionEvent } from "@/lib/db";
 import { safeError } from "@/lib/errors";

 /**
@@ -29,6 +30,32 @@ export async function POST(

  try {
    const updated = await patchTenantSpec(name, { suspend });
+
+    // Billing — Phase 1: record the transition. Mirrors the same
+    // hook in the customer-side suspend route so admin actions
+    // also produce events. Best-effort; logging failures don't
+    // block the response.
+    try {
+      const orgId =
+        tenant.metadata.labels?.["pieced.ch/zitadel-org-id"] ?? null;
+      if (orgId) {
+        await recordSuspensionEvent(
+          name,
+          orgId,
+          suspend ? "suspended" : "resumed"
+        );
+      } else {
+        console.warn(
+          `billing: tenant ${name} has no zitadel-org-id label; suspension event not recorded`
+        );
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error(
+        `billing: failed to record suspension event for ${name}:`,
+        e
+      );
+    }
+
    return NextResponse.json({
      message: suspend ? "Tenant suspended." : "Tenant resumed.",
      tenant: updated,
--- a/src/components/admin/billing/generate-form.tsx
+++ b/src/components/admin/billing/generate-form.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState, Fragment } from "react";
+import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
+import { Card, CardHeader } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import type { InvoiceDraft } from "@/types";
+
+interface OrgEntry {
+  zitadelOrgId: string;
+  tenantNames: string[];
+  companyName: string | null;
+  country: string | null;
+  hasBillingAddress: boolean;
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  orgs: OrgEntry[];
+}
+
+const LOCALE_OPTIONS = [
+  { value: "de", label: "Deutsch" },
+  { value: "en", label: "English" },
+  { value: "fr", label: "Français" },
+  { value: "it", label: "Italiano" },
+];
+
+/**
+ * Two-step flow: preview (dryRun) → commit.
+ *
+ * Preview displays the InvoiceDraft (lines, subtotal, VAT, total)
+ * plus any warnings. Admin reviews and either commits or aborts.
+ * Commit re-runs the generator without dryRun and redirects to the
+ * persisted invoice's detail page.
+ */
+export function GenerateForm({ orgs }: Props) {
+  const t = useTranslations("adminBilling");
+  const router = useRouter();
+
+  // Default to previous calendar month — that's the typical "bill
+  // for last month" use case.
+  const now = new Date();
+  const prevMonth = new Date(now.getFullYear(), now.getMonth() - 1, 1);
+  const [orgId, setOrgId] = useState(orgs[0]?.zitadelOrgId ?? "");
+  const [year, setYear] = useState(String(prevMonth.getFullYear()));
+  const [month, setMonth] = useState(String(prevMonth.getMonth() + 1));
+  const [locale, setLocale] = useState<string>("");
+  const [draft, setDraft] = useState<InvoiceDraft | null>(null);
+  const [error, setError] = useState("");
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+
+  const selectedOrg = orgs.find((o) => o.zitadelOrgId === orgId);
+  // Auto-detect default locale from country if admin hasn't picked
+  // one. Same logic as billing.ts's defaultLocaleForCountry.
+  const effectiveLocale =
+    locale ||
+    (() => {
+      const c = (selectedOrg?.country || "").toUpperCase();
+      if (["CH", "LI", "AT", "DE"].includes(c)) return "de";
+      if (["FR", "BE", "LU"].includes(c)) return "fr";
+      if (c === "IT") return "it";
+      return "en";
+    })();
+
+  const preview = async () => {
+    setError("");
+    setDraft(null);
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch("/api/admin/billing/generate", {
+        method: "POST",
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          zitadelOrgId: orgId,
+          year: Number(year),
+          month: Number(month),
+          locale: effectiveLocale,
+          dryRun: true,
+        }),
+      });
+      const j = await res.json();
+      if (!res.ok) throw new Error(j.error || `HTTP ${res.status}`);
+      setDraft(j.draft);
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      setError(e.message);
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const commit = async () => {
+    if (!draft) return;
+    if (!confirm(t("confirmGenerate"))) return;
+    setError("");
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch("/api/admin/billing/generate", {
+        method: "POST",
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          zitadelOrgId: orgId,
+          year: Number(year),
+          month: Number(month),
+          locale: effectiveLocale,
+          dryRun: false,
+        }),
+      });
+      const j = await res.json();
+      if (!res.ok) throw new Error(j.error || `HTTP ${res.status}`);
+      // Navigate to the new invoice's detail page.
+      if (j.invoice?.id) {
+        router.push(`/admin/billing/invoices/${j.invoice.id}`);
+      }
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      setError(e.message);
+      setBusy(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>{t("generateFormTitle")}</CardHeader>
+        {orgs.length === 0 ? (
+          <p className="text-sm text-text-muted italic">{t("noOrgsToGenerate")}</p>
+        ) : (
+          <div className="space-y-4">
+            <label className="block">
+              <span className="text-sm text-text-secondary">{t("orgLabel")}</span>
+              <select
+                value={orgId}
+                onChange={(e) => {
+                  setOrgId(e.target.value);
+                  setDraft(null);
+                }}
+                className="mt-1 w-full px-3 py-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+              >
+                {orgs.map((o) => (
+                  <option key={o.zitadelOrgId} value={o.zitadelOrgId}>
+                    {o.companyName ?? o.zitadelOrgId}
+                    {!o.hasBillingAddress ? ` — ${t("noBillingAddrTag")}` : ""}
+                    {` (${o.tenantNames.length} ${t("tenantsLabel")})`}
+                  </option>
+                ))}
+              </select>
+              {selectedOrg && !selectedOrg.hasBillingAddress && (
+                <p className="text-xs text-error mt-1">
+                  {t("noBillingAddrWarning")}
+                </p>
+              )}
+            </label>
+            <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-3">
+              <label className="block">
+                <span className="text-sm text-text-secondary">{t("yearLabel")}</span>
+                <input
+                  type="number"
+                  min="2020"
+                  max="2100"
+                  value={year}
+                  onChange={(e) => {
+                    setYear(e.target.value);
+                    setDraft(null);
+                  }}
+                  className="mt-1 w-full px-3 py-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+                />
+              </label>
+              <label className="block">
+                <span className="text-sm text-text-secondary">{t("monthLabel")}</span>
+                <select
+                  value={month}
+                  onChange={(e) => {
+                    setMonth(e.target.value);
+                    setDraft(null);
+                  }}
+                  className="mt-1 w-full px-3 py-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+                >
+                  {Array.from({ length: 12 }, (_, i) => i + 1).map((m) => (
+                    <option key={m} value={m}>
+                      {String(m).padStart(2, "0")}
+                    </option>
+                  ))}
+                </select>
+              </label>
+              <label className="block">
+                <span className="text-sm text-text-secondary">
+                  {t("localeLabel")}
+                </span>
+                <select
+                  value={locale}
+                  onChange={(e) => {
+                    setLocale(e.target.value);
+                    setDraft(null);
+                  }}
+                  className="mt-1 w-full px-3 py-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+                >
+                  <option value="">
+                    {t("localeAuto")} ({effectiveLocale})
+                  </option>
+                  {LOCALE_OPTIONS.map((o) => (
+                    <option key={o.value} value={o.value}>
+                      {o.label}
+                    </option>
+                  ))}
+                </select>
+              </label>
+            </div>
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-3 pt-2">
+              <button
+                onClick={preview}
+                disabled={busy || !selectedOrg?.hasBillingAddress}
+                className="px-4 py-2 rounded-md border border-border text-sm disabled:opacity-50"
+              >
+                {busy && !draft ? t("computing") : t("previewBtn")}
+              </button>
+              {draft && (
+                <button
+                  onClick={commit}
+                  disabled={busy}
+                  className="px-4 py-2 rounded-md bg-accent text-white text-sm disabled:opacity-50"
+                >
+                  {busy ? t("saving") : t("commitBtn")}
+                </button>
+              )}
+              {error && (
+                <span className="text-sm text-error">{error}</span>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+
+      {draft && <DraftPreview draft={draft} />}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function DraftPreview({ draft }: { draft: InvoiceDraft }) {
+  const t = useTranslations("adminBilling");
+
+  // Group lines by tenant for the preview (matches PDF layout).
+  const linesByTenant = new Map<string | null, typeof draft.lines>();
+  for (const ln of draft.lines) {
+    const key = ln.tenantName;
+    if (!linesByTenant.has(key)) linesByTenant.set(key, []);
+    linesByTenant.get(key)!.push(ln);
+  }
+  const tenantOrder = [...linesByTenant.keys()].sort((a, b) => {
+    if (a === null) return 1;
+    if (b === null) return -1;
+    return a.localeCompare(b);
+  });
+
+  return (
+    <Card>
+      <CardHeader>
+        {t("previewTitle")} — {draft.periodStart} → {draft.periodEnd}
+      </CardHeader>
+
+      {draft.warnings.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="mb-4 p-3 rounded-md border border-warning bg-warning/10 text-sm space-y-1">
+          <div className="font-semibold text-warning">{t("warningsTitle")}</div>
+          {draft.warnings.map((w, i) => (
+            <div key={i} className="text-text-secondary">• {w}</div>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      <table className="w-full text-sm">
+        <thead className="text-xs text-text-muted text-left">
+          <tr>
+            <th className="pb-2">{t("descCol")}</th>
+            <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("qtyCol")}</th>
+            <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("unitPriceCol")}</th>
+            <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("amountCol")}</th>
+          </tr>
+        </thead>
+        <tbody>
+          {tenantOrder.map((tenantKey) => {
+            const lines = linesByTenant.get(tenantKey)!;
+            return (
+              <Fragment key={tenantKey ?? "_org"}>
+                {tenantKey && (
+                  <tr className="border-t border-border">
+                    <td colSpan={4} className="py-1.5 pt-3">
+                      <span className="text-xs font-semibold text-accent">
+                        {tenantKey}
+                      </span>
+                    </td>
+                  </tr>
+                )}
+                {lines.map((ln, i) => (
+                  <tr
+                    key={`${tenantKey}-${i}`}
+                    className="border-t border-border"
+                  >
+                    <td className="py-1.5">
+                      <div>{ln.description}</div>
+                      <div className="text-xs text-text-muted font-mono">
+                        {ln.kind}
+                      </div>
+                    </td>
+                    <td className="py-1.5 text-right">
+                      {ln.quantity}
+                      {ln.unitLabel ? ` ${ln.unitLabel}` : ""}
+                    </td>
+                    <td className="py-1.5 text-right font-mono text-xs">
+                      {ln.unitPriceChf.toFixed(4)}
+                    </td>
+                    <td className="py-1.5 text-right">
+                      {ln.amountChf.toFixed(2)}
+                    </td>
+                  </tr>
+                ))}
+              </Fragment>
+            );
+          })}
+          {draft.lines.length === 0 && (
+            <tr>
+              <td colSpan={4} className="py-4 text-center text-text-muted italic">
+                {t("noLinesGenerated")}
+              </td>
+            </tr>
+          )}
+        </tbody>
+      </table>
+
+      <div className="mt-4 pt-3 border-t border-border space-y-1 text-sm">
+        <div className="flex justify-between">
+          <span className="text-text-muted">{t("subtotal")}</span>
+          <span>CHF {draft.subtotalChf.toFixed(2)}</span>
+        </div>
+        <div className="flex justify-between">
+          <span className="text-text-muted">
+            {t("vat")} ({draft.vatRate.toFixed(2)}%)
+          </span>
+          <span>CHF {draft.vatAmountChf.toFixed(2)}</span>
+        </div>
+        <div className="flex justify-between pt-1 border-t border-border font-semibold">
+          <span>{t("total")}</span>
+          <span>CHF {draft.totalChf.toFixed(2)}</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </Card>
+  );
+}
--- a/src/components/admin/billing/invoice-detail-view.tsx
+++ b/src/components/admin/billing/invoice-detail-view.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState, Fragment } from "react";
+import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
+import { Card, CardHeader } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import type { InvoiceDetail, InvoiceStatus } from "@/types";
+
+interface Props {
+  detail: InvoiceDetail;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Renders the invoice header (status, totals, action bar) then
+ * line items grouped by tenant, then billing snapshot. Actions are
+ * mark-paid (POST), delete (DELETE), PDF download (link to /pdf).
+ *
+ * On successful action we router.refresh() — the server-side page
+ * re-renders against the new DB state. For delete we navigate
+ * away first.
+ */
+export function InvoiceDetailView({ detail }: Props) {
+  const t = useTranslations("adminBilling");
+  const router = useRouter();
+  const { invoice, lines } = detail;
+
+  const [busyAction, setBusyAction] = useState<null | "mark-paid" | "delete">(
+    null
+  );
+  const [actionError, setActionError] = useState("");
+  const [noteInput, setNoteInput] = useState("");
+  const [noteOpen, setNoteOpen] = useState(false);
+
+  const markPaid = async () => {
+    setActionError("");
+    setBusyAction("mark-paid");
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch(
+        `/api/admin/billing/invoices/${invoice.id}/mark-paid`,
+        {
+          method: "POST",
+          headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+          body: JSON.stringify({ note: noteInput || undefined }),
+        }
+      );
+      const j = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+      if (!res.ok) throw new Error(j.error || `HTTP ${res.status}`);
+      setNoteOpen(false);
+      setNoteInput("");
+      router.refresh();
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      setActionError(e.message);
+    } finally {
+      setBusyAction(null);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const deleteInvoice = async () => {
+    if (!confirm(t("confirmDeleteInvoice", { num: invoice.invoiceNumber })))
+      return;
+    setActionError("");
+    setBusyAction("delete");
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch(`/api/admin/billing/invoices/${invoice.id}`, {
+        method: "DELETE",
+      });
+      if (!res.ok) {
+        const j = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        throw new Error(j.error || `HTTP ${res.status}`);
+      }
+      router.push("/admin/billing/invoices");
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      setActionError(e.message);
+      setBusyAction(null);
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Group lines by tenant for display (matches PDF layout).
+  const linesByTenant = new Map<string | null, typeof lines>();
+  for (const ln of lines) {
+    const k = ln.tenantName;
+    if (!linesByTenant.has(k)) linesByTenant.set(k, []);
+    linesByTenant.get(k)!.push(ln);
+  }
+  const tenantOrder = [...linesByTenant.keys()].sort((a, b) => {
+    if (a === null) return 1;
+    if (b === null) return -1;
+    return a.localeCompare(b);
+  });
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-4 animate-in">
+      <div className="flex items-end justify-between flex-wrap gap-3">
+        <div>
+          <h1 className="font-display text-2xl font-semibold accent-rule">
+            {invoice.invoiceNumber}
+          </h1>
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-3 mt-3 text-sm">
+            <StatusPill status={invoice.status} />
+            <span className="text-text-muted">
+              {invoice.periodStart} → {invoice.periodEnd}
+            </span>
+            <span className="text-text-muted">·</span>
+            <span className="text-text-muted">
+              {t("dueOnLabel")}: {invoice.dueAt}
+            </span>
+            <span className="text-text-muted">·</span>
+            <span className="text-text-muted font-mono text-xs">
+              {invoice.locale}
+            </span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div className="text-right">
+          <div className="text-xs text-text-muted">{t("totalLabel")}</div>
+          <div className="text-2xl font-semibold font-mono">
+            CHF {invoice.totalChf.toFixed(2)}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Action bar */}
+      <Card>
+        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-3">
+          {invoice.hasPdf && (
+            <a
+              href={`/api/admin/billing/invoices/${invoice.id}/pdf`}
+              target="_blank"
+              rel="noopener noreferrer"
+              className="px-4 py-2 rounded-md border border-border text-sm hover:bg-surface-2"
+            >
+              {t("downloadPdfBtn")}
+            </a>
+          )}
+          {(invoice.status === "open" || invoice.status === "overdue") && (
+            <>
+              {!noteOpen ? (
+                <button
+                  onClick={() => setNoteOpen(true)}
+                  disabled={busyAction !== null}
+                  className="px-4 py-2 rounded-md bg-accent text-white text-sm disabled:opacity-50"
+                >
+                  {t("markPaidBtn")}
+                </button>
+              ) : (
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-grow">
+                  <input
+                    type="text"
+                    placeholder={t("paidNotePlaceholder")}
+                    value={noteInput}
+                    onChange={(e) => setNoteInput(e.target.value)}
+                    className="flex-grow px-3 py-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+                    autoFocus
+                  />
+                  <button
+                    onClick={markPaid}
+                    disabled={busyAction !== null}
+                    className="px-3 py-1.5 rounded-md bg-accent text-white text-sm disabled:opacity-50"
+                  >
+                    {busyAction === "mark-paid" ? t("saving") : t("confirm")}
+                  </button>
+                  <button
+                    onClick={() => {
+                      setNoteOpen(false);
+                      setNoteInput("");
+                    }}
+                    className="px-3 py-1.5 rounded-md border border-border text-sm"
+                  >
+                    {t("cancel")}
+                  </button>
+                </div>
+              )}
+            </>
+          )}
+          <button
+            onClick={deleteInvoice}
+            disabled={busyAction !== null}
+            className="ml-auto px-4 py-2 rounded-md border border-error text-error text-sm disabled:opacity-50 hover:bg-error/10"
+            title={t("deleteHint")}
+          >
+            {busyAction === "delete" ? t("deleting") : t("deleteBtn")}
+          </button>
+        </div>
+        {actionError && (
+          <div className="mt-3 text-sm text-error">{actionError}</div>
+        )}
+        {invoice.paidAt && (
+          <div className="mt-3 text-xs text-text-muted">
+            {t("paidOnLabel")}: {invoice.paidAt} · {invoice.paidBy} ·{" "}
+            {invoice.paidMethodDetail}
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+
+      {/* Lines */}
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>{t("lineItemsTitle")}</CardHeader>
+        <table className="w-full text-sm">
+          <thead className="text-xs text-text-muted text-left">
+            <tr>
+              <th className="pb-2">{t("descCol")}</th>
+              <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("qtyCol")}</th>
+              <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("unitPriceCol")}</th>
+              <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("amountCol")}</th>
+            </tr>
+          </thead>
+          <tbody>
+            {tenantOrder.map((tenantKey) => {
+              const tenantLines = linesByTenant.get(tenantKey)!;
+              return (
+                <Fragment key={tenantKey ?? "_org"}>
+                  {tenantKey && (
+                    <tr>
+                      <td colSpan={4} className="pt-3 pb-1">
+                        <span className="text-xs font-semibold text-accent">
+                          {tenantKey}
+                        </span>
+                      </td>
+                    </tr>
+                  )}
+                  {tenantLines.map((ln) => (
+                    <tr key={ln.id} className="border-t border-border">
+                      <td className="py-1.5">
+                        <div>{ln.description}</div>
+                        <div className="text-xs text-text-muted font-mono">
+                          {ln.kind}
+                        </div>
+                      </td>
+                      <td className="py-1.5 text-right">
+                        {ln.quantity}
+                        {ln.unitLabel ? ` ${ln.unitLabel}` : ""}
+                      </td>
+                      <td className="py-1.5 text-right font-mono text-xs">
+                        {ln.unitPriceChf.toFixed(4)}
+                      </td>
+                      <td className="py-1.5 text-right">
+                        {ln.amountChf.toFixed(2)}
+                      </td>
+                    </tr>
+                  ))}
+                </Fragment>
+              );
+            })}
+          </tbody>
+        </table>
+        <div className="mt-4 pt-3 border-t border-border space-y-1 text-sm">
+          <div className="flex justify-between">
+            <span className="text-text-muted">{t("subtotal")}</span>
+            <span>CHF {invoice.subtotalChf.toFixed(2)}</span>
+          </div>
+          <div className="flex justify-between">
+            <span className="text-text-muted">
+              {t("vat")} ({invoice.vatRate.toFixed(2)}%)
+            </span>
+            <span>CHF {invoice.vatAmountChf.toFixed(2)}</span>
+          </div>
+          <div className="flex justify-between pt-1 border-t border-border font-semibold">
+            <span>{t("total")}</span>
+            <span>CHF {invoice.totalChf.toFixed(2)}</span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </Card>
+
+      {/* Billing snapshot */}
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>{t("billToSnapshotTitle")}</CardHeader>
+        <div className="text-sm space-y-1">
+          <div className="font-semibold">
+            {invoice.billingSnapshot.companyName}
+          </div>
+          <div>{invoice.billingSnapshot.streetAddress}</div>
+          <div>
+            {invoice.billingSnapshot.postalCode}{" "}
+            {invoice.billingSnapshot.city}
+          </div>
+          <div>{invoice.billingSnapshot.country}</div>
+          {invoice.billingSnapshot.vatNumber && (
+            <div className="text-text-muted">
+              VAT: {invoice.billingSnapshot.vatNumber}
+            </div>
+          )}
+          <div className="text-text-muted">
+            {invoice.billingSnapshot.billingEmail}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function StatusPill({ status }: { status: InvoiceStatus }) {
+  const t = useTranslations("adminBilling");
+  const color =
+    status === "paid"
+      ? "bg-success/15 text-success"
+      : status === "overdue"
+        ? "bg-error/15 text-error"
+        : status === "void" || status === "uncollectible"
+          ? "bg-text-muted/15 text-text-muted"
+          : "bg-accent/15 text-accent";
+  return (
+    <span
+      className={`inline-block px-2 py-0.5 rounded text-xs font-medium ${color}`}
+    >
+      {t(`status_${status}`)}
+    </span>
+  );
+}
--- a/src/components/admin/billing/invoices-table.tsx
+++ b/src/components/admin/billing/invoices-table.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState, useEffect } from "react";
+import Link from "next/link";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
+import { Card } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import type { Invoice, InvoiceStatus } from "@/types";
+
+interface Props {
+  initialInvoices: Invoice[];
+}
+
+const STATUS_FILTERS: (InvoiceStatus | "all")[] = [
+  "all",
+  "open",
+  "overdue",
+  "paid",
+  "void",
+];
+
+/**
+ * Filterable invoice list. Filters live in URL-less local state
+ * (simpler than syncing to query string for a v1 admin tool); a
+ * page refresh resets.
+ *
+ * Re-fetching strategy: when filters change, hit the API directly
+ * rather than router.refresh() so we don't bounce the user through
+ * a full page render.
+ */
+export function InvoicesTable({ initialInvoices }: Props) {
+  const t = useTranslations("adminBilling");
+  const [statusFilter, setStatusFilter] = useState<InvoiceStatus | "all">("all");
+  const [monthFilter, setMonthFilter] = useState("");
+  const [invoices, setInvoices] = useState(initialInvoices);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    // Effect runs after initial render too; skip refetch on mount
+    // when filters are at their defaults — the server already
+    // gave us the right initial set.
+    if (statusFilter === "all" && monthFilter === "") return;
+    let cancelled = false;
+    setBusy(true);
+    const params = new URLSearchParams();
+    if (statusFilter !== "all") params.set("status", statusFilter);
+    if (monthFilter) params.set("month", monthFilter);
+    fetch(`/api/admin/billing/invoices?${params}`)
+      .then((r) => r.json())
+      .then((data) => {
+        if (!cancelled) setInvoices(data);
+      })
+      .catch((e) => console.error("Failed to load invoices:", e))
+      .finally(() => {
+        if (!cancelled) setBusy(false);
+      });
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+    };
+  }, [statusFilter, monthFilter]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-4">
+      <Card>
+        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-end gap-4">
+          <label className="block">
+            <span className="text-xs text-text-muted">{t("statusFilterLabel")}</span>
+            <select
+              value={statusFilter}
+              onChange={(e) =>
+                setStatusFilter(e.target.value as InvoiceStatus | "all")
+              }
+              className="mt-1 px-3 py-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+            >
+              {STATUS_FILTERS.map((s) => (
+                <option key={s} value={s}>
+                  {s === "all" ? t("allStatuses") : t(`status_${s}`)}
+                </option>
+              ))}
+            </select>
+          </label>
+          <label className="block">
+            <span className="text-xs text-text-muted">{t("monthFilterLabel")}</span>
+            <input
+              type="month"
+              value={monthFilter}
+              onChange={(e) => setMonthFilter(e.target.value)}
+              className="mt-1 px-3 py-1.5 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+            />
+          </label>
+          {monthFilter && (
+            <button
+              onClick={() => setMonthFilter("")}
+              className="text-xs text-text-muted hover:underline"
+            >
+              {t("clearFilter")}
+            </button>
+          )}
+          {busy && (
+            <span className="text-xs text-text-muted ml-auto">
+              {t("loading")}
+            </span>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card>
+        {invoices.length === 0 ? (
+          <p className="text-sm text-text-muted italic text-center py-6">
+            {t("noInvoicesFound")}
+          </p>
+        ) : (
+          <table className="w-full text-sm">
+            <thead className="text-xs text-text-muted text-left">
+              <tr>
+                <th className="pb-2">{t("invoiceNumberCol")}</th>
+                <th className="pb-2">{t("orgCol")}</th>
+                <th className="pb-2">{t("periodCol")}</th>
+                <th className="pb-2">{t("statusCol")}</th>
+                <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("totalCol")}</th>
+                <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("dueCol")}</th>
+              </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody>
+              {invoices.map((inv) => (
+                <tr
+                  key={inv.id}
+                  className="border-t border-border hover:bg-surface-2 cursor-pointer"
+                >
+                  <td className="py-2">
+                    <Link
+                      href={`/admin/billing/invoices/${inv.id}`}
+                      className="font-mono text-xs hover:underline"
+                    >
+                      {inv.invoiceNumber}
+                    </Link>
+                  </td>
+                  <td className="py-2">
+                    <div className="text-xs">
+                      {inv.billingSnapshot.companyName || (
+                        <span className="font-mono">{inv.zitadelOrgId}</span>
+                      )}
+                    </div>
+                  </td>
+                  <td className="py-2 text-xs font-mono">
+                    {inv.periodStart.slice(0, 7)}
+                  </td>
+                  <td className="py-2">
+                    <StatusPill status={inv.status} />
+                  </td>
+                  <td className="py-2 text-right">
+                    CHF {inv.totalChf.toFixed(2)}
+                  </td>
+                  <td className="py-2 text-right text-xs text-text-muted">
+                    {inv.dueAt}
+                  </td>
+                </tr>
+              ))}
+            </tbody>
+          </table>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function StatusPill({ status }: { status: InvoiceStatus }) {
+  const t = useTranslations("adminBilling");
+  const color =
+    status === "paid"
+      ? "bg-success/15 text-success"
+      : status === "overdue"
+        ? "bg-error/15 text-error"
+        : status === "void" || status === "uncollectible"
+          ? "bg-text-muted/15 text-text-muted"
+          : "bg-accent/15 text-accent";
+  return (
+    <span
+      className={`inline-block px-2 py-0.5 rounded text-xs font-medium ${color}`}
+    >
+      {t(`status_${status}`)}
+    </span>
+  );
+}
--- a/src/components/admin/billing/pricing-editor.tsx
+++ b/src/components/admin/billing/pricing-editor.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
+import { Card, CardHeader } from "@/components/ui/card";
+import type { PlatformPricing, SkillPricing } from "@/types";
+
+interface CatalogEntry {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  category: string;
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  initialPricing: PlatformPricing;
+  initialSkillPricing: SkillPricing[];
+  catalog: CatalogEntry[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Two-card layout:
+ *   1. Platform pricing form (4 inputs, save = PUT to /pricing).
+ *   2. Skill pricing table — list of priced skills, "Add skill"
+ *      picker below.
+ *
+ * No optimistic updates — every save round-trips and we
+ * router.refresh() afterwards so the server-side render stays
+ * the source of truth.
+ */
+export function PricingEditor({
+  initialPricing,
+  initialSkillPricing,
+  catalog,
+}: Props) {
+  const t = useTranslations("adminBilling");
+  const router = useRouter();
+
+  // -- Platform pricing form ----------------------------------------------
+  const [monthly, setMonthly] = useState(
+    String(initialPricing.tenantMonthlyFeeChf)
+  );
+  const [setup, setSetup] = useState(String(initialPricing.tenantSetupFeeChf));
+  const [threema, setThreema] = useState(
+    String(initialPricing.threemaMessageChf)
+  );
+  const [vat, setVat] = useState(String(initialPricing.vatRateChli));
+  const [savingPricing, setSavingPricing] = useState(false);
+  const [pricingError, setPricingError] = useState("");
+  const [pricingSaved, setPricingSaved] = useState(false);
+
+  const savePricing = async (e: React.FormEvent) => {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    setSavingPricing(true);
+    setPricingError("");
+    setPricingSaved(false);
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch("/api/admin/billing/pricing", {
+        method: "PUT",
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          tenantMonthlyFeeChf: Number(monthly),
+          tenantSetupFeeChf: Number(setup),
+          threemaMessageChf: Number(threema),
+          vatRateChli: Number(vat),
+        }),
+      });
+      if (!res.ok) {
+        const j = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        throw new Error(j.error || `HTTP ${res.status}`);
+      }
+      setPricingSaved(true);
+      router.refresh();
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      setPricingError(e.message);
+    } finally {
+      setSavingPricing(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  // -- Skill pricing ------------------------------------------------------
+  // Server is authoritative — we don't keep an editable local copy of the
+  // table; instead each action posts to the API and we router.refresh().
+  const [newSkillId, setNewSkillId] = useState(
+    catalog.find((c) => c.category === "skill")?.id ?? ""
+  );
+  const [newSkillPrice, setNewSkillPrice] = useState("0.10");
+  const [newSkillSetupFee, setNewSkillSetupFee] = useState("0");
+  const [addingSkill, setAddingSkill] = useState(false);
+  const [skillError, setSkillError] = useState("");
+
+  // Core upsert — used by both the "add new skill" form and the inline
+  // editors on existing rows. Kept event-free so callers can invoke it
+  // without synthesizing a fake form event. Both `dailyPriceChf` and
+  // `setupFeeChf` are written together because the API does a full
+  // upsert; partial updates would silently zero the other field.
+  const upsertSkillPrice = async (
+    skillId: string,
+    dailyPriceChf: number,
+    setupFeeChf: number
+  ) => {
+    setAddingSkill(true);
+    setSkillError("");
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch("/api/admin/billing/skill-pricing", {
+        method: "PUT",
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ skillId, dailyPriceChf, setupFeeChf }),
+      });
+      if (!res.ok) {
+        const j = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        throw new Error(j.error || `HTTP ${res.status}`);
+      }
+      router.refresh();
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      setSkillError(e.message);
+    } finally {
+      setAddingSkill(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const onAddNewSkill = (e: React.FormEvent) => {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    if (!newSkillId) return;
+    void upsertSkillPrice(
+      newSkillId,
+      Number(newSkillPrice),
+      Number(newSkillSetupFee)
+    );
+  };
+
+  const deleteSkill = async (skillId: string) => {
+    if (!confirm(t("confirmDeleteSkillPrice", { skill: skillId }))) return;
+    setSkillError("");
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch(
+        `/api/admin/billing/skill-pricing/${encodeURIComponent(skillId)}`,
+        { method: "DELETE" }
+      );
+      if (!res.ok) {
+        const j = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        throw new Error(j.error || `HTTP ${res.status}`);
+      }
+      router.refresh();
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      setSkillError(e.message);
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Catalog filtered to skill-kind entries for the picker, but keeping
+  // existing pricing rows even if they reference non-skill packages.
+  const skillCatalogOptions = catalog.filter((c) => c.category === "skill");
+  const catalogIndex = new Map(catalog.map((c) => [c.id, c]));
+  const pricedIds = new Set(initialSkillPricing.map((s) => s.skillId));
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-6">
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>{t("platformPricingTitle")}</CardHeader>
+        <form onSubmit={savePricing} className="space-y-4">
+          <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4">
+            <label className="block">
+              <span className="text-sm text-text-secondary">
+                {t("monthlyFeeLabel")} (CHF)
+              </span>
+              <input
+                type="number"
+                step="0.01"
+                min="0"
+                value={monthly}
+                onChange={(e) => setMonthly(e.target.value)}
+                className="mt-1 w-full px-3 py-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+                required
+              />
+            </label>
+            <label className="block">
+              <span className="text-sm text-text-secondary">
+                {t("setupFeeLabel")} (CHF)
+              </span>
+              <input
+                type="number"
+                step="0.01"
+                min="0"
+                value={setup}
+                onChange={(e) => setSetup(e.target.value)}
+                className="mt-1 w-full px-3 py-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+                required
+              />
+            </label>
+            <label className="block">
+              <span className="text-sm text-text-secondary">
+                {t("threemaMessageLabel")} (CHF)
+              </span>
+              <input
+                type="number"
+                step="0.0001"
+                min="0"
+                value={threema}
+                onChange={(e) => setThreema(e.target.value)}
+                className="mt-1 w-full px-3 py-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+                required
+              />
+            </label>
+            <label className="block">
+              <span className="text-sm text-text-secondary">
+                {t("vatRateLabel")} (%)
+              </span>
+              <input
+                type="number"
+                step="0.01"
+                min="0"
+                max="100"
+                value={vat}
+                onChange={(e) => setVat(e.target.value)}
+                className="mt-1 w-full px-3 py-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+                required
+              />
+            </label>
+          </div>
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+            <button
+              type="submit"
+              disabled={savingPricing}
+              className="px-4 py-2 rounded-md bg-accent text-white text-sm disabled:opacity-50"
+            >
+              {savingPricing ? t("saving") : t("save")}
+            </button>
+            {pricingSaved && (
+              <span className="text-sm text-success">{t("savedOk")}</span>
+            )}
+            {pricingError && (
+              <span className="text-sm text-error">{pricingError}</span>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </form>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>{t("skillPricingTitle")}</CardHeader>
+        <p className="text-sm text-text-muted mb-4">{t("skillPricingDesc")}</p>
+
+        {initialSkillPricing.length > 0 ? (
+          <table className="w-full text-sm mb-6">
+            <thead className="text-xs text-text-muted text-left">
+              <tr>
+                <th className="pb-2">{t("skillCol")}</th>
+                <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("dailyPriceCol")}</th>
+                <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("setupFeeCol")}</th>
+                <th className="pb-2 text-right">{t("actionsCol")}</th>
+              </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody>
+              {initialSkillPricing.map((sp) => {
+                const entry = catalogIndex.get(sp.skillId);
+                return (
+                  <tr
+                    key={sp.skillId}
+                    className="border-t border-border align-top"
+                  >
+                    <td className="py-2">
+                      <div className="font-mono text-xs">{sp.skillId}</div>
+                      {entry && (
+                        <div className="text-xs text-text-muted">{entry.name}</div>
+                      )}
+                    </td>
+                    <td className="py-2 text-right">
+                      {/* Inline edits write daily + setup together (full
+                          upsert on the API side). The other field is
+                          held constant from the snapshot here. */}
+                      <InlinePriceEditor
+                        skillId={sp.skillId}
+                        initialPrice={sp.dailyPriceChf}
+                        decimals={4}
+                        onSave={(price) =>
+                          upsertSkillPrice(sp.skillId, price, sp.setupFeeChf)
+                        }
+                      />
+                    </td>
+                    <td className="py-2 text-right">
+                      <InlinePriceEditor
+                        skillId={`${sp.skillId}-setup`}
+                        initialPrice={sp.setupFeeChf}
+                        decimals={2}
+                        onSave={(fee) =>
+                          upsertSkillPrice(sp.skillId, sp.dailyPriceChf, fee)
+                        }
+                      />
+                    </td>
+                    <td className="py-2 text-right">
+                      <button
+                        onClick={() => deleteSkill(sp.skillId)}
+                        className="text-xs text-error hover:underline"
+                      >
+                        {t("remove")}
+                      </button>
+                    </td>
+                  </tr>
+                );
+              })}
+            </tbody>
+          </table>
+        ) : (
+          <p className="text-sm text-text-muted italic mb-4">{t("noSkillsPriced")}</p>
+        )}
+
+        <form onSubmit={onAddNewSkill} className="flex items-end gap-3">
+          <label className="flex-grow">
+            <span className="text-xs text-text-muted">{t("addSkillLabel")}</span>
+            <select
+              value={newSkillId}
+              onChange={(e) => setNewSkillId(e.target.value)}
+              className="mt-1 w-full px-3 py-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+            >
+              {skillCatalogOptions
+                .filter((c) => !pricedIds.has(c.id))
+                .map((c) => (
+                  <option key={c.id} value={c.id}>
+                    {c.name} ({c.id})
+                  </option>
+                ))}
+            </select>
+          </label>
+          <label className="w-28">
+            <span className="text-xs text-text-muted">
+              {t("dailyPriceLabel")}
+            </span>
+            <input
+              type="number"
+              step="0.01"
+              min="0"
+              value={newSkillPrice}
+              onChange={(e) => setNewSkillPrice(e.target.value)}
+              className="mt-1 w-full px-3 py-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+            />
+          </label>
+          <label className="w-28">
+            <span className="text-xs text-text-muted">
+              {t("skillSetupFeeLabel")}
+            </span>
+            <input
+              type="number"
+              step="0.01"
+              min="0"
+              value={newSkillSetupFee}
+              onChange={(e) => setNewSkillSetupFee(e.target.value)}
+              className="mt-1 w-full px-3 py-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-surface-2 text-sm"
+            />
+          </label>
+          <button
+            type="submit"
+            disabled={addingSkill || !newSkillId}
+            className="px-4 py-2 rounded-md bg-accent text-white text-sm disabled:opacity-50"
+          >
+            {addingSkill ? t("saving") : t("add")}
+          </button>
+        </form>
+        {skillError && (
+          <p className="text-sm text-error mt-2">{skillError}</p>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Tiny inline editor for a single numeric price/fee. Mounts in
+ * "view" mode showing the current value as a clickable badge;
+ * clicking turns it into an input + save/cancel buttons.
+ *
+ * `decimals` controls the display precision in view mode AND the
+ * step granularity of the input (daily prices use 4dp, setup fees
+ * use 2dp).
+ */
+function InlinePriceEditor({
+  skillId,
+  initialPrice,
+  decimals = 2,
+  onSave,
+}: {
+  skillId: string;
+  initialPrice: number;
+  decimals?: number;
+  onSave: (price: number) => Promise<void> | void;
+}) {
+  const t = useTranslations("adminBilling");
+  const [editing, setEditing] = useState(false);
+  const [value, setValue] = useState(String(initialPrice));
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+  const step = decimals === 4 ? "0.0001" : "0.01";
+
+  if (!editing) {
+    return (
+      <button
+        onClick={() => setEditing(true)}
+        className="text-sm font-mono hover:underline"
+        title={t("clickToEdit")}
+      >
+        CHF {initialPrice.toFixed(decimals)}
+      </button>
+    );
+  }
+  return (
+    <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-1">
+      <input
+        type="number"
+        step={step}
+        min="0"
+        value={value}
+        onChange={(e) => setValue(e.target.value)}
+        className="w-20 px-2 py-1 text-sm border border-border bg-surface-2 rounded"
+        autoFocus
+      />
+      <button
+        onClick={async () => {
+          setBusy(true);
+          try {
+            await onSave(Number(value));
+            setEditing(false);
+          } finally {
+            setBusy(false);
+          }
+        }}
+        disabled={busy}
+        className="text-xs px-2 py-1 bg-accent text-white rounded"
+      >
+        {busy ? "…" : "✓"}
+      </button>
+      <button
+        onClick={() => {
+          setValue(String(initialPrice));
+          setEditing(false);
+        }}
+        className="text-xs px-2 py-1 border border-border rounded"
+      >
+        ✕
+      </button>
+    </span>
+  );
+}
--- a/src/lib/billing-i18n.ts
+++ b/src/lib/billing-i18n.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/**
+ * Shared billing localization. Used by:
+ *   - billing.ts (compute path) — pre-renders the localized
+ *     line description and stores it on the invoice line at issue
+ *     time. Descriptions are then frozen in the customer's locale.
+ *   - billing-pdf.tsx (render path) — can fall back to this if a
+ *     stored description is missing (e.g. legacy invoice from the
+ *     pre-i18n era) or if the PDF is re-rendered in a different
+ *     locale (Phase 7).
+ *
+ * Locale set matches the portal's next-intl locales: de, en, fr, it.
+ * Unknown locales fall back to German (Swiss B2B default).
+ */
+
+import type { InvoiceLineKind } from "@/types";
+
+export type BillingLocale = "de" | "en" | "fr" | "it";
+
+function normaliseLocale(locale: string): BillingLocale {
+  if (locale === "en" || locale === "fr" || locale === "it" || locale === "de") {
+    return locale;
+  }
+  return "de";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Localized "N day(s)" — covers the only plural case in billing
+ * line descriptions. Other plurals (months, requests, messages)
+ * either don't change form in the supported languages or are
+ * always >1 in practice.
+ */
+function days(n: number, locale: BillingLocale): string {
+  const labels = {
+    de: { one: "Tag", many: "Tage" },
+    en: { one: "day", many: "days" },
+    fr: { one: "jour", many: "jours" },
+    it: { one: "giorno", many: "giorni" },
+  } as const;
+  const label = labels[locale];
+  return `${n} ${n === 1 ? label.one : label.many}`;
+}
+
+/** Subset of InvoiceLine needed for description formatting. */
+export interface LineForDescription {
+  kind: InvoiceLineKind;
+  tenantName: string | null;
+  metadata: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the localized line description from a line's kind +
+ * metadata. Pure function — no DB/IO. Output mirrors what the
+ * PDF and admin preview show in the description column.
+ *
+ * Metadata expectations per kind (must match what billing.ts
+ * stores when emitting the line):
+ *   tenant_monthly:    { billable_days, days_in_month }
+ *   tenant_setup:      {} (uses tenantName only)
+ *   ai_usage:          { requests }
+ *   threema_messages:  { in_count, out_count }
+ *   skill_usage:       { skill_id, billable_days }
+ *   skill_setup:       { skill_id }
+ *   adjustment:        { reason? }
+ *
+ * Missing fields fall back to "?" so a malformed line still
+ * renders something readable rather than crashing the PDF.
+ */
+export function formatLineDescription(
+  line: LineForDescription,
+  locale: string
+): string {
+  const L = normaliseLocale(locale);
+  const m = line.metadata ?? {};
+  const tenant = line.tenantName ?? "—";
+  // Helper to fetch a metadata field with a safe fallback.
+  const f = (key: string): string | number => {
+    const v = (m as Record<string, unknown>)[key];
+    if (v === undefined || v === null) return "?";
+    return v as string | number;
+  };
+
+  switch (line.kind) {
+    case "tenant_monthly": {
+      const bd = f("billable_days");
+      const dim = f("days_in_month");
+      return {
+        de: `Monatliche Grundgebühr für ${tenant} (${bd}/${dim} Tage)`,
+        en: `Monthly fee for ${tenant} (${bd}/${dim} days)`,
+        fr: `Forfait mensuel pour ${tenant} (${bd}/${dim} jours)`,
+        it: `Canone mensile per ${tenant} (${bd}/${dim} giorni)`,
+      }[L];
+    }
+
+    case "tenant_setup":
+      return {
+        de: `Einrichtungsgebühr für ${tenant}`,
+        en: `Setup fee for ${tenant}`,
+        fr: `Frais de configuration pour ${tenant}`,
+        it: `Spese di attivazione per ${tenant}`,
+      }[L];
+
+    case "ai_usage": {
+      const r = f("requests");
+      return {
+        de: `KI-Inferenz-Nutzung (${r} Anfragen)`,
+        en: `AI inference usage (${r} requests)`,
+        fr: `Utilisation IA (${r} requêtes)`,
+        it: `Utilizzo IA (${r} richieste)`,
+      }[L];
+    }
+
+    case "threema_messages": {
+      const inC = f("in_count");
+      const outC = f("out_count");
+      return {
+        de: `Threema-Nachrichten (${inC} eingehend + ${outC} ausgehend)`,
+        en: `Threema messages (${inC} in + ${outC} out)`,
+        fr: `Messages Threema (${inC} entrants + ${outC} sortants)`,
+        it: `Messaggi Threema (${inC} in entrata + ${outC} in uscita)`,
+      }[L];
+    }
+
+    case "skill_usage": {
+      const skill = f("skill_id");
+      const bdRaw = (m as Record<string, unknown>)["billable_days"];
+      const bd = typeof bdRaw === "number" ? bdRaw : 0;
+      return {
+        de: `Skill: ${skill} (${days(bd, "de")})`,
+        en: `Skill: ${skill} (${days(bd, "en")})`,
+        fr: `Skill: ${skill} (${days(bd, "fr")})`,
+        it: `Skill: ${skill} (${days(bd, "it")})`,
+      }[L];
+    }
+
+    case "skill_setup": {
+      const skill = f("skill_id");
+      return {
+        de: `Einrichtungsgebühr Skill: ${skill}`,
+        en: `Setup fee skill: ${skill}`,
+        fr: `Frais de configuration skill: ${skill}`,
+        it: `Spese di attivazione skill: ${skill}`,
+      }[L];
+    }
+
+    case "adjustment": {
+      const reasonRaw = (m as Record<string, unknown>)["reason"];
+      const reason = typeof reasonRaw === "string" ? reasonRaw : null;
+      const base = {
+        de: "Anpassung",
+        en: "Adjustment",
+        fr: "Ajustement",
+        it: "Rettifica",
+      }[L];
+      return reason ? `${base}: ${reason}` : base;
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/src/lib/billing-pdf.tsx
+++ b/src/lib/billing-pdf.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
+/**
+ * Invoice PDF rendering via @react-pdf/renderer.
+ *
+ * Design notes:
+ *
+ * - The template is a React component (JSX). Visual tweaks happen
+ *   here — colors, fonts, spacing, layout. To swap branding later,
+ *   edit BRAND_* constants below or replace the logo component.
+ *
+ * - All strings are pulled from MESSAGES[locale]. To add a new
+ *   language, copy the German block and translate. Locale is
+ *   frozen on the invoice at issue time (invoices.locale column);
+ *   re-rendering a historical invoice always uses the same locale.
+ *
+ * - The logo is inlined as React-PDF SVG primitives so no asset
+ *   loading or font-bundle wrangling is needed. It travels with
+ *   the code.
+ *
+ * - VAT note (reverse charge etc.) is appended below the totals
+ *   block. Notes are localized in the same MESSAGES map.
+ *
+ * - QR-bill (Swiss bank transfer) is intentionally NOT included
+ *   in v1 — it lands in Phase 7. We render plain bank instructions
+ *   as text.
+ */
+
+import React from "react";
+import {
+  Document,
+  Page,
+  Text,
+  View,
+  StyleSheet,
+  Svg,
+  Polygon,
+  Polyline,
+  renderToBuffer,
+} from "@react-pdf/renderer";
+import type { Invoice, InvoiceLine, InvoiceLineKind } from "@/types";
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Brand constants — edit here to tweak look without touching layout
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const BRAND = {
+  name: "PieCed IT",
+  // Primary emerald — matches the logo SVG fill (#10B981).
+  primary: "#10B981",
+  // Slightly darker emerald for headings.
+  primaryDark: "#0a8060",
+  textColor: "#1a1a1a",
+  mutedColor: "#666",
+  borderColor: "#d4d4d4",
+  // Issuer block — change these to your real legal info.
+  issuer: {
+    legalName: "PieCed IT",
+    addressLine1: "Cedric Mosimann",
+    addressLine2: "[Strasse Nr.]",
+    postalCity: "[PLZ] Basel",
+    country: "Switzerland",
+    email: "billing@pieced.ch",
+    web: "pieced.ch",
+    // Show "MWST-Nr. ..." on PDF when set.
+    vatNumber: null as string | null,
+    // Bank instructions — Phase 7 replaces with QR-bill.
+    bankName: "[Bank name]",
+    bankIban: "[CHxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx x]",
+    bankBic: "[BIC]",
+  },
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Localized strings
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+interface PdfStrings {
+  invoice: string;
+  invoiceNumber: string;
+  issueDate: string;
+  dueDate: string;
+  period: string;
+  billTo: string;
+  description: string;
+  quantity: string;
+  unitPrice: string;
+  amount: string;
+  subtotal: string;
+  vat: string;
+  total: string;
+  paymentInstructions: string;
+  paymentRefHint: string;
+  thankYou: string;
+  page: string;
+  of: string;
+  // Per-line-kind labels (used as section headers)
+  kindLabels: Record<InvoiceLineKind, string>;
+  // VAT compliance notes
+  reverseCharge: string;
+  exportNote: string;
+}
+
+const MESSAGES: Record<string, PdfStrings> = {
+  de: {
+    invoice: "Rechnung",
+    invoiceNumber: "Rechnungs-Nr.",
+    issueDate: "Rechnungsdatum",
+    dueDate: "Zahlbar bis",
+    period: "Abrechnungsperiode",
+    billTo: "Rechnungsempfänger",
+    description: "Beschreibung",
+    quantity: "Menge",
+    unitPrice: "Einzelpreis",
+    amount: "Betrag",
+    subtotal: "Zwischensumme",
+    vat: "MWST",
+    total: "Total",
+    paymentInstructions: "Zahlungsinformationen",
+    paymentRefHint: "Bitte verwenden Sie die Rechnungsnummer als Referenz.",
+    thankYou: "Vielen Dank für Ihr Vertrauen.",
+    page: "Seite",
+    of: "von",
+    kindLabels: {
+      tenant_monthly: "Monatliche Grundgebühr",
+      tenant_setup: "Einrichtungsgebühr",
+      ai_usage: "KI-Nutzung",
+      threema_messages: "Threema-Nachrichten",
+      skill_usage: "Skill-Nutzung",
+      skill_setup: "Einrichtungsgebühr Skill",
+      adjustment: "Anpassung",
+    },
+    reverseCharge:
+      "Steuerschuldnerschaft des Leistungsempfängers (Reverse Charge).",
+    exportNote: "Dienstleistungsexport — keine MWST in Rechnung gestellt.",
+  },
+  en: {
+    invoice: "Invoice",
+    invoiceNumber: "Invoice no.",
+    issueDate: "Issue date",
+    dueDate: "Due date",
+    period: "Billing period",
+    billTo: "Bill to",
+    description: "Description",
+    quantity: "Qty",
+    unitPrice: "Unit price",
+    amount: "Amount",
+    subtotal: "Subtotal",
+    vat: "VAT",
+    total: "Total",
+    paymentInstructions: "Payment instructions",
+    paymentRefHint: "Please use the invoice number as the payment reference.",
+    thankYou: "Thank you for your business.",
+    page: "Page",
+    of: "of",
+    kindLabels: {
+      tenant_monthly: "Monthly fee",
+      tenant_setup: "Setup fee",
+      ai_usage: "AI usage",
+      threema_messages: "Threema messages",
+      skill_usage: "Skill usage",
+      skill_setup: "Skill setup fee",
+      adjustment: "Adjustment",
+    },
+    reverseCharge:
+      "Reverse charge — VAT to be accounted for by the recipient.",
+    exportNote: "Export of services — VAT not applicable.",
+  },
+  fr: {
+    invoice: "Facture",
+    invoiceNumber: "N° facture",
+    issueDate: "Date d'émission",
+    dueDate: "Échéance",
+    period: "Période de facturation",
+    billTo: "Destinataire",
+    description: "Description",
+    quantity: "Qté",
+    unitPrice: "Prix unitaire",
+    amount: "Montant",
+    subtotal: "Sous-total",
+    vat: "TVA",
+    total: "Total",
+    paymentInstructions: "Informations de paiement",
+    paymentRefHint: "Veuillez utiliser le n° de facture comme référence.",
+    thankYou: "Merci de votre confiance.",
+    page: "Page",
+    of: "sur",
+    kindLabels: {
+      tenant_monthly: "Forfait mensuel",
+      tenant_setup: "Frais de configuration",
+      ai_usage: "Utilisation IA",
+      threema_messages: "Messages Threema",
+      skill_usage: "Utilisation Skill",
+      skill_setup: "Frais de configuration skill",
+      adjustment: "Ajustement",
+    },
+    reverseCharge:
+      "Autoliquidation — TVA à acquitter par le destinataire.",
+    exportNote: "Exportation de services — TVA non applicable.",
+  },
+  it: {
+    invoice: "Fattura",
+    invoiceNumber: "N. fattura",
+    issueDate: "Data di emissione",
+    dueDate: "Scadenza",
+    period: "Periodo di fatturazione",
+    billTo: "Destinatario",
+    description: "Descrizione",
+    quantity: "Qtà",
+    unitPrice: "Prezzo unitario",
+    amount: "Importo",
+    subtotal: "Subtotale",
+    vat: "IVA",
+    total: "Totale",
+    paymentInstructions: "Istruzioni di pagamento",
+    paymentRefHint: "Si prega di utilizzare il n. di fattura come riferimento.",
+    thankYou: "Grazie per la fiducia.",
+    page: "Pagina",
+    of: "di",
+    kindLabels: {
+      tenant_monthly: "Canone mensile",
+      tenant_setup: "Spese di attivazione",
+      ai_usage: "Utilizzo IA",
+      threema_messages: "Messaggi Threema",
+      skill_usage: "Utilizzo Skill",
+      skill_setup: "Spese di attivazione skill",
+      adjustment: "Rettifica",
+    },
+    reverseCharge:
+      "Inversione contabile — IVA a carico del destinatario.",
+    exportNote: "Esportazione di servizi — IVA non applicabile.",
+  },
+};
+
+function getStrings(locale: string): PdfStrings {
+  return MESSAGES[locale] ?? MESSAGES.de;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Stylesheet
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const styles = StyleSheet.create({
+  page: {
+    paddingTop: 40,
+    paddingBottom: 60,
+    paddingHorizontal: 40,
+    fontSize: 9,
+    color: BRAND.textColor,
+    lineHeight: 1.4,
+  },
+  headerRow: {
+    flexDirection: "row",
+    justifyContent: "space-between",
+    alignItems: "flex-start",
+    marginBottom: 28,
+  },
+  logoWrap: { width: 60, height: 90 },
+  issuerBlock: { textAlign: "right", fontSize: 8.5, color: BRAND.mutedColor },
+  issuerName: { fontSize: 11, color: BRAND.primaryDark, marginBottom: 2 },
+  invoiceTitle: { fontSize: 22, color: BRAND.primaryDark, marginBottom: 8 },
+  metaTable: {
+    flexDirection: "row",
+    justifyContent: "space-between",
+    marginBottom: 20,
+  },
+  metaCol: { flexGrow: 1, marginRight: 16 },
+  metaLabel: { color: BRAND.mutedColor, fontSize: 8, marginBottom: 2 },
+  metaValue: { fontSize: 10, marginBottom: 6 },
+  billToBlock: {
+    marginBottom: 24,
+    padding: 10,
+    backgroundColor: "#f7f7f5",
+    borderLeftWidth: 3,
+    borderLeftColor: BRAND.primary,
+  },
+  billToLabel: { fontSize: 8, color: BRAND.mutedColor, marginBottom: 4 },
+  billToName: { fontSize: 11, marginBottom: 2 },
+  table: { marginBottom: 14 },
+  tableHeader: {
+    flexDirection: "row",
+    backgroundColor: BRAND.primaryDark,
+    color: "#ffffff",
+    paddingVertical: 5,
+    paddingHorizontal: 6,
+    fontSize: 8.5,
+  },
+  tableRow: {
+    flexDirection: "row",
+    borderBottomWidth: 0.5,
+    borderBottomColor: BRAND.borderColor,
+    paddingVertical: 5,
+    paddingHorizontal: 6,
+  },
+  // Column widths (sum ≈ 100%)
+  colDesc: { width: "52%" },
+  colQty: { width: "12%", textAlign: "right" },
+  colUnit: { width: "16%", textAlign: "right" },
+  colAmt: { width: "20%", textAlign: "right" },
+  totalsBlock: {
+    alignSelf: "flex-end",
+    width: "45%",
+    marginTop: 8,
+  },
+  totalsRow: {
+    flexDirection: "row",
+    justifyContent: "space-between",
+    paddingVertical: 3,
+  },
+  totalsLabel: { color: BRAND.mutedColor },
+  totalsValue: { textAlign: "right" },
+  totalsGrand: {
+    flexDirection: "row",
+    justifyContent: "space-between",
+    borderTopWidth: 1,
+    borderTopColor: BRAND.primaryDark,
+    paddingTop: 6,
+    marginTop: 4,
+  },
+  totalsGrandLabel: { color: BRAND.primaryDark, fontSize: 11 },
+  totalsGrandValue: { color: BRAND.primaryDark, fontSize: 11, textAlign: "right" },
+  noteBox: {
+    marginTop: 18,
+    padding: 8,
+    backgroundColor: "#fff8e7",
+    borderLeftWidth: 2,
+    borderLeftColor: "#d4a017",
+    fontSize: 8.5,
+  },
+  paymentBlock: {
+    marginTop: 24,
+    paddingTop: 12,
+    borderTopWidth: 0.5,
+    borderTopColor: BRAND.borderColor,
+  },
+  paymentTitle: { fontSize: 10, color: BRAND.primaryDark, marginBottom: 6 },
+  paymentLine: { fontSize: 9, marginBottom: 1 },
+  footer: {
+    position: "absolute",
+    bottom: 24,
+    left: 40,
+    right: 40,
+    flexDirection: "row",
+    justifyContent: "space-between",
+    fontSize: 7.5,
+    color: BRAND.mutedColor,
+    borderTopWidth: 0.5,
+    borderTopColor: BRAND.borderColor,
+    paddingTop: 8,
+  },
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Logo — inlined SVG primitives
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * PieCed honeycomb logo. Re-renders the same 6-hex glyph as the
+ * portal's `public/pieced-logo.svg` using React-PDF's SVG support.
+ * Width/height are independent of the original viewBox so we can
+ * scale it without losing stroke quality.
+ */
+const Logo = ({ size = 60 }: { size?: number }) => (
+  <Svg width={size} height={size * (106 / 70)} viewBox="0 0 70 106">
+    {/* H1 solid */}
+    <Polygon
+      points="38.5,22.69 31.5,10.566 17.5,10.566 10.5,22.69 17.5,34.814 31.5,34.814"
+      fill="#10B981"
+      stroke="#10B981"
+      strokeWidth={1.6}
+    />
+    {/* H2 outline */}
+    <Polygon
+      points="59.5,34.814 52.5,22.69 38.5,22.69 31.5,34.814 38.5,46.938 52.5,46.938"
+      fill="none"
+      stroke="#10B981"
+      strokeWidth={1.8}
+    />
+    {/* H3 outline */}
+    <Polygon
+      points="38.5,46.938 31.5,34.814 17.5,34.814 10.5,46.938 17.5,59.062 31.5,59.062"
+      fill="none"
+      stroke="#10B981"
+      strokeWidth={1.8}
+    />
+    {/* H4 solid */}
+    <Polygon
+      points="59.5,59.062 52.5,46.938 38.5,46.938 31.5,59.062 38.5,71.186 52.5,71.186"
+      fill="#10B981"
+      stroke="#10B981"
+      strokeWidth={1.6}
+    />
+    {/* H5 partial */}
+    <Polyline
+      points="31.5,83.31 38.5,71.186 31.5,59.062 17.5,59.062 10.5,71.186"
+      fill="none"
+      stroke="#10B981"
+      strokeWidth={1.8}
+    />
+    {/* H6 partial */}
+    <Polyline
+      points="59.5,83.31 52.5,71.186 38.5,71.186 31.5,83.31 38.5,95.434"
+      fill="none"
+      stroke="#10B981"
+      strokeWidth={1.8}
+    />
+  </Svg>
+);
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function fmtChf(n: number, decimals: number = 2): string {
+  // Swiss thousands separator + decimal point: 1'234.56
+  const fixed = n.toFixed(decimals);
+  const [intPart, decPart] = fixed.split(".");
+  const withSep = intPart.replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, "'");
+  return decPart ? `${withSep}.${decPart}` : withSep;
+}
+
+function fmtDate(iso: string, locale: string): string {
+  // Parse YYYY-MM-DD as a calendar date (no timezone shifts).
+  // For PDF rendering we want a stable representation regardless
+  // of server timezone.
+  const [y, m, d] = iso.split("T")[0].split("-").map(Number);
+  // Locale-specific date format
+  if (locale === "en") {
+    return new Date(Date.UTC(y, m - 1, d)).toLocaleDateString("en-US", {
+      year: "numeric",
+      month: "short",
+      day: "numeric",
+      timeZone: "UTC",
+    });
+  }
+  // DE/FR/IT default: DD.MM.YYYY
+  return `${String(d).padStart(2, "0")}.${String(m).padStart(2, "0")}.${y}`;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Document
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+interface InvoicePdfProps {
+  invoice: Invoice;
+  lines: InvoiceLine[];
+}
+
+const InvoicePdf: React.FC<InvoicePdfProps> = ({ invoice, lines }) => {
+  const s = getStrings(invoice.locale);
+  const snap = invoice.billingSnapshot;
+
+  // Group lines by tenant for visual separation. Lines without a
+  // tenant_name (org-level adjustments) go to the end.
+  const linesByTenant = new Map<string | null, InvoiceLine[]>();
+  for (const ln of lines) {
+    const key = ln.tenantName;
+    if (!linesByTenant.has(key)) linesByTenant.set(key, []);
+    linesByTenant.get(key)!.push(ln);
+  }
+  const tenantOrder = [...linesByTenant.keys()].sort((a, b) => {
+    if (a === null) return 1;
+    if (b === null) return -1;
+    return a.localeCompare(b);
+  });
+
+  // VAT note: pick the right localized note based on rate + address.
+  // Zero rate + EU country = reverse charge; zero rate + other = export.
+  let vatNote: string | null = null;
+  if (invoice.vatRate === 0) {
+    const country = (snap.country || "").toUpperCase();
+    const isEu = [
+      "AT","BE","BG","HR","CY","CZ","DK","EE","FI","FR","DE","GR","HU",
+      "IE","IT","LV","LT","LU","MT","NL","PL","PT","RO","SK","SI","ES","SE",
+    ].includes(country);
+    vatNote = isEu ? s.reverseCharge : s.exportNote;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <Document title={`${s.invoice} ${invoice.invoiceNumber}`}>
+      <Page size="A4" style={styles.page}>
+        {/* Header: logo left, issuer right */}
+        <View style={styles.headerRow}>
+          <View style={styles.logoWrap}>
+            <Logo size={60} />
+          </View>
+          <View style={styles.issuerBlock}>
+            <Text style={styles.issuerName}>{BRAND.issuer.legalName}</Text>
+            <Text>{BRAND.issuer.addressLine1}</Text>
+            <Text>{BRAND.issuer.addressLine2}</Text>
+            <Text>{BRAND.issuer.postalCity}</Text>
+            <Text>{BRAND.issuer.country}</Text>
+            <Text>{BRAND.issuer.email}</Text>
+            {BRAND.issuer.vatNumber && (
+              <Text>MWST-Nr. {BRAND.issuer.vatNumber}</Text>
+            )}
+          </View>
+        </View>
+
+        <Text style={styles.invoiceTitle}>{s.invoice}</Text>
+
+        {/* Meta row: 3 columns */}
+        <View style={styles.metaTable}>
+          <View style={styles.metaCol}>
+            <Text style={styles.metaLabel}>{s.invoiceNumber}</Text>
+            <Text style={styles.metaValue}>{invoice.invoiceNumber}</Text>
+            <Text style={styles.metaLabel}>{s.issueDate}</Text>
+            <Text style={styles.metaValue}>
+              {fmtDate(invoice.issuedAt, invoice.locale)}
+            </Text>
+          </View>
+          <View style={styles.metaCol}>
+            <Text style={styles.metaLabel}>{s.period}</Text>
+            <Text style={styles.metaValue}>
+              {fmtDate(invoice.periodStart, invoice.locale)} —{" "}
+              {fmtDate(invoice.periodEnd, invoice.locale)}
+            </Text>
+            <Text style={styles.metaLabel}>{s.dueDate}</Text>
+            <Text style={styles.metaValue}>
+              {fmtDate(invoice.dueAt, invoice.locale)}
+            </Text>
+          </View>
+        </View>
+
+        {/* Bill-to */}
+        <View style={styles.billToBlock}>
+          <Text style={styles.billToLabel}>{s.billTo}</Text>
+          <Text style={styles.billToName}>{snap.companyName}</Text>
+          <Text>{snap.streetAddress}</Text>
+          <Text>
+            {snap.postalCode} {snap.city}
+          </Text>
+          <Text>{snap.country}</Text>
+          {snap.vatNumber && <Text>VAT: {snap.vatNumber}</Text>}
+          <Text>{snap.billingEmail}</Text>
+        </View>
+
+        {/* Line items table */}
+        <View style={styles.table}>
+          <View style={styles.tableHeader}>
+            <Text style={styles.colDesc}>{s.description}</Text>
+            <Text style={styles.colQty}>{s.quantity}</Text>
+            <Text style={styles.colUnit}>{s.unitPrice}</Text>
+            <Text style={styles.colAmt}>{s.amount} (CHF)</Text>
+          </View>
+          {tenantOrder.map((tenantKey) => {
+            const tenantLines = linesByTenant.get(tenantKey)!;
+            return (
+              <View key={tenantKey ?? "_org"}>
+                {tenantKey && (
+                  <View
+                    style={{
+                      paddingVertical: 4,
+                      paddingHorizontal: 6,
+                      backgroundColor: "#f0f9f4",
+                    }}
+                  >
+                    <Text style={{ fontSize: 9, color: BRAND.primaryDark }}>
+                      {tenantKey}
+                    </Text>
+                  </View>
+                )}
+                {tenantLines.map((ln) => (
+                  <View key={ln.id} style={styles.tableRow}>
+                    <Text style={styles.colDesc}>{ln.description}</Text>
+                    <Text style={styles.colQty}>
+                      {ln.quantity}
+                      {ln.unitLabel ? ` ${ln.unitLabel}` : ""}
+                    </Text>
+                    <Text style={styles.colUnit}>{fmtChf(ln.unitPriceChf, 5)}</Text>
+                    <Text style={styles.colAmt}>{fmtChf(ln.amountChf)}</Text>
+                  </View>
+                ))}
+              </View>
+            );
+          })}
+        </View>
+
+        {/* Totals */}
+        <View style={styles.totalsBlock}>
+          <View style={styles.totalsRow}>
+            <Text style={styles.totalsLabel}>{s.subtotal}</Text>
+            <Text style={styles.totalsValue}>{fmtChf(invoice.subtotalChf)}</Text>
+          </View>
+          <View style={styles.totalsRow}>
+            <Text style={styles.totalsLabel}>
+              {s.vat} ({invoice.vatRate.toFixed(2)}%)
+            </Text>
+            <Text style={styles.totalsValue}>{fmtChf(invoice.vatAmountChf)}</Text>
+          </View>
+          <View style={styles.totalsGrand}>
+            <Text style={styles.totalsGrandLabel}>
+              {s.total} (CHF)
+            </Text>
+            <Text style={styles.totalsGrandValue}>{fmtChf(invoice.totalChf)}</Text>
+          </View>
+        </View>
+
+        {vatNote && (
+          <View style={styles.noteBox}>
+            <Text>{vatNote}</Text>
+          </View>
+        )}
+
+        {/* Payment instructions */}
+        <View style={styles.paymentBlock}>
+          <Text style={styles.paymentTitle}>{s.paymentInstructions}</Text>
+          <Text style={styles.paymentLine}>{BRAND.issuer.legalName}</Text>
+          <Text style={styles.paymentLine}>{BRAND.issuer.bankName}</Text>
+          <Text style={styles.paymentLine}>IBAN: {BRAND.issuer.bankIban}</Text>
+          <Text style={styles.paymentLine}>BIC: {BRAND.issuer.bankBic}</Text>
+          <Text style={[styles.paymentLine, { marginTop: 6, color: BRAND.mutedColor }]}>
+            {s.paymentRefHint}
+          </Text>
+          <Text style={[styles.paymentLine, { marginTop: 12, color: BRAND.primaryDark }]}>
+            {s.thankYou}
+          </Text>
+        </View>
+
+        {/* Footer with page numbers.
+            react-pdf API quirks (verified against build errors):
+              - The `render` callback on <View> only exposes
+                `{ pageNumber, subPageNumber }` — no totalPages.
+                Only <Text> gets `{ pageNumber, totalPages,
+                subPageNumber, subPageTotalPages }`.
+              - <Text>'s render callback must return a STRING
+                (or array of strings), not JSX. */}
+        <View style={styles.footer} fixed>
+          <Text>
+            {BRAND.issuer.legalName} · {BRAND.issuer.web} · {BRAND.issuer.email}
+          </Text>
+          <Text
+            render={({ pageNumber, totalPages }) =>
+              `${s.page} ${pageNumber} ${s.of} ${totalPages}`
+            }
+            fixed
+          />
+        </View>
+      </Page>
+    </Document>
+  );
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Public API
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Render an invoice to a PDF buffer. Caller stores the buffer in
+ * `invoices.pdf_data` (bytea). Side-effect-free; can be called
+ * outside a DB transaction.
+ *
+ * Typical runtime is 50–200ms on a typical invoice with a dozen
+ * lines.
+ */
+export async function renderInvoicePdf(
+  invoice: Invoice,
+  lines: InvoiceLine[]
+): Promise<Buffer> {
+  return renderToBuffer(<InvoicePdf invoice={invoice} lines={lines} />);
+}
--- a/src/lib/billing.ts
+++ b/src/lib/billing.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,792 @@
+/**
+ * Billing computation pipeline.
+ *
+ * Public entry points:
+ *   - computeInvoiceDraft({ zitadelOrgId, year, month, locale? })
+ *     Builds an in-memory InvoiceDraft from the live signals
+ *     (LiteLLM spend, Threema relay usage, tenant skill events,
+ *     lifecycle, suspension). Does NOT persist or render the PDF.
+ *
+ *   - generateInvoice({ zitadelOrgId, year, month, locale?, dryRun? })
+ *     Calls computeInvoiceDraft, renders the PDF, persists the
+ *     invoice transactionally. Returns the persisted Invoice
+ *     (or the draft if dryRun=true).
+ *
+ * Design choices:
+ *
+ * - All compute is over UTC calendar days. "Active during day D"
+ *   means the tenant existed and was not fully suspended at some
+ *   moment in [D 00:00 UTC, D+1 00:00 UTC). This matches the
+ *   skill billing rule ("same-day toggle = 1 day") for monthly
+ *   fee proration too.
+ *
+ * - Computation is independent of persistence. Callers can preview
+ *   without committing (the admin generate form does this on first
+ *   click), and the same compute path is reused when committing.
+ *
+ * - The compute path collects warnings rather than throwing on
+ *   recoverable issues (missing LiteLLM team for a tenant, etc.).
+ *   The UI surfaces these to the admin before they confirm.
+ */
+
+import type {
+  Invoice,
+  InvoiceBillingSnapshot,
+  InvoiceDraft,
+  InvoiceLine,
+  InvoiceLineKind,
+  InvoicePaymentMethod,
+  PiecedTenant,
+  PlatformPricing,
+  SkillPricing,
+  TenantBillingLifecycle,
+  TenantSkillEvent,
+  TenantSuspensionEvent,
+} from "@/types";
+import {
+  createInvoice,
+  getInvoiceById,
+  getOrgBilling,
+  getOrgBillingConfig,
+  getPlatformPricing,
+  getTenantBillingLifecycle,
+  listSkillEventsForTenant,
+  listSkillPricing,
+  listSuspensionEventsForTenant,
+  tenantHasSetupFeeBilled,
+  tenantSkillHasBeenBilled,
+  updateInvoicePdf,
+} from "./db";
+import { listTenants } from "./k8s";
+import { getTeamSpendLogsV2 } from "./litellm";
+import { getUsage as getThreemaUsage } from "./threema-relay";
+import { renderInvoicePdf } from "./billing-pdf";
+import { formatLineDescription } from "./billing-i18n";
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Period helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Returns the [periodStart, periodEnd] inclusive calendar dates for
+ * the given month, plus the count of days in the month.
+ *
+ * Dates returned as ISO `YYYY-MM-DD` strings (no time). Convertible
+ * to UTC midnight via `new Date(`${date}T00:00:00Z`)`.
+ */
+export function monthBounds(year: number, month: number): {
+  periodStart: string;
+  periodEnd: string;
+  daysInMonth: number;
+} {
+  if (month < 1 || month > 12) throw new Error(`Invalid month: ${month}`);
+  const start = new Date(Date.UTC(year, month - 1, 1));
+  // Day 0 of next month = last day of this month
+  const end = new Date(Date.UTC(year, month, 0));
+  return {
+    periodStart: start.toISOString().split("T")[0],
+    periodEnd: end.toISOString().split("T")[0],
+    daysInMonth: end.getUTCDate(),
+  };
+}
+
+function isoDate(d: Date): string {
+  return d.toISOString().split("T")[0];
+}
+
+function dueDate(periodEnd: string, netDays: number = 30): string {
+  // due_at = period_end + netDays
+  const d = new Date(`${periodEnd}T00:00:00Z`);
+  d.setUTCDate(d.getUTCDate() + netDays);
+  return isoDate(d);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Day-set computation (calendar-day model, UTC)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Iterates UTC calendar days in [periodStart, periodEnd] inclusive.
+ * Yields { date: 'YYYY-MM-DD', dayStartMs, dayEndMs } where dayEnd
+ * is exclusive (next-day-midnight UTC).
+ */
+function* iterDays(periodStart: string, periodEnd: string) {
+  const start = new Date(`${periodStart}T00:00:00Z`).getTime();
+  const end = new Date(`${periodEnd}T00:00:00Z`).getTime();
+  for (let t = start; t <= end; t += 86_400_000) {
+    yield {
+      date: isoDate(new Date(t)),
+      dayStartMs: t,
+      dayEndMs: t + 86_400_000,
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Was the tenant "running" (created, not deleted, not suspended) at
+ * any moment in the half-open interval [dayStartMs, dayEndMs)?
+ *
+ * Inputs: tenant lifecycle and the timeline of suspension events
+ * sorted ascending by occurredAt.
+ *
+ * The state-at-day-start is reconstructed from suspension events
+ * BEFORE the day. If the count of suspension events before the day
+ * is odd, the tenant was suspended at day start (because we record
+ * suspend then resume, so an odd prefix-count means the last
+ * recorded transition is "suspended"). This is robust as long as
+ * events are correctly ordered.
+ *
+ * Actually we use the actual event kinds from the events list,
+ * not the parity heuristic — the heuristic is documentation for
+ * intuition.
+ */
+function activeDuringDay(
+  lifecycle: TenantBillingLifecycle,
+  suspensionEvents: TenantSuspensionEvent[],
+  dayStartMs: number,
+  dayEndMs: number
+): boolean {
+  // Lifecycle gate: tenant must have existed during some part of the day.
+  const createdMs = new Date(lifecycle.createdAt).getTime();
+  const deletedMs = lifecycle.deletedAt
+    ? new Date(lifecycle.deletedAt).getTime()
+    : Infinity;
+  if (createdMs >= dayEndMs) return false;
+  if (deletedMs <= dayStartMs) return false;
+  // Effective existence window within this day
+  const existsFrom = Math.max(createdMs, dayStartMs);
+  const existsTo = Math.min(deletedMs, dayEndMs);
+  if (existsFrom >= existsTo) return false;
+
+  // Determine suspended state at existsFrom by replaying events.
+  // Initial state at lifecycle.createdAt is 'running' (we don't
+  // record an explicit 'created → running' event; this is the
+  // implicit baseline).
+  let suspended = false;
+  for (const e of suspensionEvents) {
+    const ts = new Date(e.occurredAt).getTime();
+    if (ts > existsFrom) break;
+    suspended = e.eventKind === "suspended";
+  }
+
+  // Walk events from existsFrom to existsTo. If at any moment the
+  // tenant is running, the day counts.
+  if (!suspended) return true;
+  for (const e of suspensionEvents) {
+    const ts = new Date(e.occurredAt).getTime();
+    if (ts <= existsFrom) continue;
+    if (ts >= existsTo) break;
+    if (e.eventKind === "resumed") return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Was the skill 'enabled' at any moment in the day?
+ *
+ * Same shape as activeDuringDay but driven by skill events instead
+ * of suspension events.
+ *
+ * Important: callers must include events from before periodStart in
+ * `prevState` (state at day start), since a skill enabled three
+ * months ago and never disabled has no events in the billing
+ * window but is still enabled.
+ */
+function skillActiveDuringDay(
+  events: TenantSkillEvent[],
+  initiallyEnabled: boolean,
+  dayStartMs: number,
+  dayEndMs: number
+): boolean {
+  let enabled = initiallyEnabled;
+  // First, replay events that occurred AT OR BEFORE dayStartMs to
+  // get the state at day start.
+  for (const e of events) {
+    const ts = new Date(e.occurredAt).getTime();
+    if (ts > dayStartMs) break;
+    enabled = e.eventKind === "enabled";
+  }
+  if (enabled) return true;
+  // Walk events in [dayStart, dayEnd). If any 'enabled' event
+  // appears, the day counts.
+  for (const e of events) {
+    const ts = new Date(e.occurredAt).getTime();
+    if (ts <= dayStartMs) continue;
+    if (ts >= dayEndMs) break;
+    if (e.eventKind === "enabled") return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Rounding
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** Round to 2dp, half-up. */
+function round2(n: number): number {
+  return Math.round(n * 100) / 100;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// VAT logic
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const EU_COUNTRIES = new Set([
+  "AT", "BE", "BG", "HR", "CY", "CZ", "DK", "EE", "FI", "FR",
+  "DE", "GR", "HU", "IE", "IT", "LV", "LT", "LU", "MT", "NL",
+  "PL", "PT", "RO", "SK", "SI", "ES", "SE",
+]);
+
+/**
+ * Determine VAT rate from billing address and the platform default.
+ * See README for the legal interpretation; this implements the
+ * defaults you confirmed:
+ *
+ *   - CH or LI:        platform_pricing.vat_rate_chli (default 8.10)
+ *   - EU + VAT number: 0% (reverse charge — B2B)
+ *   - EU without VAT:  CH MWST (B2C consumer, we charge our rate)
+ *   - other:           0% (export of services)
+ */
+function vatRateForAddress(
+  snapshot: InvoiceBillingSnapshot,
+  platformPricing: PlatformPricing
+): { rate: number; note: string | null } {
+  const country = snapshot.country?.toUpperCase().trim() ?? "";
+  if (country === "CH" || country === "LI") {
+    return { rate: platformPricing.vatRateChli, note: null };
+  }
+  if (EU_COUNTRIES.has(country)) {
+    if (snapshot.vatNumber && snapshot.vatNumber.trim().length > 0) {
+      return {
+        rate: 0,
+        note:
+          "Steuerschuldnerschaft des Leistungsempfängers / Reverse charge — VAT to be accounted for by the recipient.",
+      };
+    }
+    return { rate: platformPricing.vatRateChli, note: null };
+  }
+  return { rate: 0, note: "Export of services — VAT not applicable." };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Locale default
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Pick a default invoice locale from the billing country. Admins
+ * can override at generation time. We default to German for
+ * CH/LI/AT/DE; French for FR/BE/LU; Italian for IT; English
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+export function defaultLocaleForCountry(country: string): string {
+  const c = (country || "").toUpperCase().trim();
+  if (["CH", "LI", "AT", "DE"].includes(c)) return "de";
+  if (["FR", "BE", "LU"].includes(c)) return "fr";
+  if (c === "IT") return "it";
+  return "en";
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Tenant signal collectors
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Sum AI usage spend for a tenant over the billing period via
+ * LiteLLM. Returns the CHF total (already in CHF — LiteLLM stores
+ * costs after the platform's USD→CHF conversion) and the request
+ * count for the metadata.
+ *
+ * Tolerates missing litellmTeamId on the tenant: such tenants are
+ * skipped and the warning is surfaced upstream.
+ */
+async function collectAiUsage(
+  tenant: PiecedTenant,
+  periodStart: string,
+  periodEnd: string
+): Promise<{ spendChf: number; requestCount: number } | null> {
+  const teamId = tenant.status?.litellmTeamId;
+  if (!teamId) return null;
+  const keyAlias = tenant.metadata.name;
+  let spendChf = 0;
+  let requestCount = 0;
+  let page = 1;
+  // 50-page cap matches the existing usage route's defensive cap.
+  while (page <= 50) {
+    const result = await getTeamSpendLogsV2(
+      teamId,
+      periodStart,
+      periodEnd,
+      page,
+      100,
+      keyAlias
+    );
+    const rows: any[] = result.data ?? [];
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      spendChf += Number(r.spend ?? 0);
+      requestCount += 1;
+    }
+    if (page >= (result.total_pages || 1)) break;
+    page++;
+  }
+  return { spendChf: round2(spendChf), requestCount };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sum Threema messages (in + out) for the tenant over the period.
+ * Returns null if the relay refuses or the tenant has no Threema
+ * package — billing is skipped silently in that case.
+ */
+async function collectThreemaUsage(
+  tenant: PiecedTenant,
+  periodStart: string,
+  periodEnd: string
+): Promise<{ inCount: number; outCount: number } | null> {
+  const packages = tenant.spec.packages ?? [];
+  if (!packages.includes("threema")) return null;
+  // threema-relay.getUsage takes Date params, not strings, and
+  // returns a discriminated RelayResult<UsageBreakdown> — the
+  // `ok` discriminant must be checked before reading the totals.
+  // Period end is exclusive in the relay's API; pass the next-day
+  // midnight UTC to capture the full last day of the period.
+  const from = new Date(`${periodStart}T00:00:00Z`);
+  const to = new Date(`${periodEnd}T00:00:00Z`);
+  to.setUTCDate(to.getUTCDate() + 1);
+  const result = await getThreemaUsage(tenant.metadata.name, from, to).catch(
+    () => null
+  );
+  if (!result || !result.ok) return null;
+  return {
+    inCount: Number(result.totals?.in ?? 0),
+    outCount: Number(result.totals?.out ?? 0),
+  };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Per-tenant line builders
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+async function buildTenantLines(opts: {
+  tenant: PiecedTenant;
+  periodStart: string;
+  periodEnd: string;
+  daysInMonth: number;
+  platformPricing: PlatformPricing;
+  skillPricing: SkillPricing[];
+  locale: string;
+  warnings: string[];
+  displayOrderOffset: number;
+}): Promise<Omit<InvoiceLine, "id" | "invoiceId">[]> {
+  const {
+    tenant,
+    periodStart,
+    periodEnd,
+    daysInMonth,
+    platformPricing,
+    skillPricing,
+    locale,
+    warnings,
+  } = opts;
+  let displayOrder = opts.displayOrderOffset;
+  const tenantName = tenant.metadata.name;
+  const lines: Omit<InvoiceLine, "id" | "invoiceId">[] = [];
+
+  // Lifecycle & suspension events — required for monthly proration.
+  const lifecycle = await getTenantBillingLifecycle(tenantName);
+  if (!lifecycle) {
+    warnings.push(
+      `Tenant "${tenantName}" has no billing lifecycle row — run the Phase 1 backfill.`
+    );
+    return lines;
+  }
+
+  // Period interval in millis (extended by one day on each side as
+  // buffer for events that occur at month boundaries).
+  const periodStartMs = new Date(`${periodStart}T00:00:00Z`).getTime();
+  const periodEndMs = new Date(`${periodEnd}T00:00:00Z`).getTime() + 86_400_000;
+
+  const suspensionEvents = await listSuspensionEventsForTenant(
+    tenantName,
+    new Date(periodStartMs - 365 * 86_400_000), // look back a year for state-at-start
+    new Date(periodEndMs)
+  );
+
+  // --- tenant_monthly (prorated, suspended days excluded) -------------------
+  if (platformPricing.tenantMonthlyFeeChf > 0) {
+    let billableDays = 0;
+    let suspendedDays = 0;
+    for (const day of iterDays(periodStart, periodEnd)) {
+      if (activeDuringDay(lifecycle, suspensionEvents, day.dayStartMs, day.dayEndMs)) {
+        billableDays++;
+      } else {
+        // Distinguish "not yet existed / deleted" from "suspended"
+        // for the metadata audit trail. Cheap re-check.
+        const createdMs = new Date(lifecycle.createdAt).getTime();
+        const deletedMs = lifecycle.deletedAt
+          ? new Date(lifecycle.deletedAt).getTime()
+          : Infinity;
+        if (createdMs < day.dayEndMs && deletedMs > day.dayStartMs) {
+          suspendedDays++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (billableDays > 0) {
+      const unit = platformPricing.tenantMonthlyFeeChf / daysInMonth;
+      const amount = round2(unit * billableDays);
+      const metadata = {
+        billable_days: billableDays,
+        suspended_days: suspendedDays,
+        days_in_month: daysInMonth,
+      };
+      lines.push({
+        tenantName,
+        kind: "tenant_monthly",
+        description: formatLineDescription(
+          { kind: "tenant_monthly", tenantName, metadata },
+          locale
+        ),
+        quantity: billableDays,
+        unitLabel: "days",
+        unitPriceChf: round2(unit * 1e5) / 1e5,
+        amountChf: amount,
+        metadata,
+        displayOrder: displayOrder++,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // --- tenant_setup (first invoice only) -----------------------------------
+  if (platformPricing.tenantSetupFeeChf > 0) {
+    const alreadyBilled = await tenantHasSetupFeeBilled(tenantName);
+    if (!alreadyBilled) {
+      lines.push({
+        tenantName,
+        kind: "tenant_setup",
+        description: formatLineDescription(
+          { kind: "tenant_setup", tenantName, metadata: null },
+          locale
+        ),
+        quantity: 1,
+        unitLabel: null,
+        unitPriceChf: platformPricing.tenantSetupFeeChf,
+        amountChf: round2(platformPricing.tenantSetupFeeChf),
+        metadata: null,
+        displayOrder: displayOrder++,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // --- ai_usage --------------------------------------------------------------
+  const aiUsage = await collectAiUsage(tenant, periodStart, periodEnd).catch(
+    (e) => {
+      warnings.push(
+        `AI usage fetch failed for ${tenantName}: ${e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)}`
+      );
+      return null;
+    }
+  );
+  if (aiUsage === null && tenant.status?.litellmTeamId) {
+    // teamId exists but fetch returned null — already warned above
+  } else if (aiUsage === null) {
+    warnings.push(
+      `Tenant ${tenantName} has no LiteLLM team yet — AI usage skipped.`
+    );
+  } else if (aiUsage.spendChf > 0) {
+    const aiMetadata = {
+      litellm_key_alias: tenantName,
+      spend_chf: aiUsage.spendChf,
+      requests: aiUsage.requestCount,
+    };
+    lines.push({
+      tenantName,
+      kind: "ai_usage",
+      description: formatLineDescription(
+        { kind: "ai_usage", tenantName, metadata: aiMetadata },
+        locale
+      ),
+      quantity: 1,
+      unitLabel: null,
+      unitPriceChf: aiUsage.spendChf,
+      amountChf: aiUsage.spendChf,
+      metadata: aiMetadata,
+      displayOrder: displayOrder++,
+    });
+  }
+
+  // --- threema_messages -----------------------------------------------------
+  if (platformPricing.threemaMessageChf > 0) {
+    const threema = await collectThreemaUsage(tenant, periodStart, periodEnd);
+    if (threema && (threema.inCount + threema.outCount) > 0) {
+      const total = threema.inCount + threema.outCount;
+      const threemaMetadata = {
+        in_count: threema.inCount,
+        out_count: threema.outCount,
+        total_count: total,
+      };
+      lines.push({
+        tenantName,
+        kind: "threema_messages",
+        description: formatLineDescription(
+          { kind: "threema_messages", tenantName, metadata: threemaMetadata },
+          locale
+        ),
+        quantity: total,
+        unitLabel: "msgs",
+        unitPriceChf: platformPricing.threemaMessageChf,
+        amountChf: round2(total * platformPricing.threemaMessageChf),
+        metadata: threemaMetadata,
+        displayOrder: displayOrder++,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // --- skill_usage ----------------------------------------------------------
+  // For each priced skill, count distinct UTC days the skill was
+  // enabled during the period.
+  if (skillPricing.length > 0) {
+    // Fetch all skill events for the tenant within the period plus
+    // a long lookback so we can determine state-at-period-start.
+    // The state-at-day-start logic in skillActiveDuringDay walks
+    // these events forward.
+    const allEvents = await listSkillEventsForTenant(
+      tenantName,
+      new Date(0),
+      new Date(periodEndMs)
+    );
+    for (const sp of skillPricing) {
+      const skillEvents = allEvents.filter((e) => e.skillId === sp.skillId);
+      // Skip cheaply if no events ever existed for this skill on
+      // this tenant.
+      if (skillEvents.length === 0) continue;
+      // Initial state assumption: false. The very first event is
+      // always 'enabled' (we only record toggles, and the implicit
+      // pre-toggle state for a never-seen skill is 'disabled').
+      let billableDays = 0;
+      for (const day of iterDays(periodStart, periodEnd)) {
+        if (skillActiveDuringDay(skillEvents, false, day.dayStartMs, day.dayEndMs)) {
+          billableDays++;
+        }
+      }
+      if (billableDays > 0) {
+        // Setup fee fires once per (tenant, skill) — before the
+        // usage line so it appears above it on the PDF.
+        if (sp.setupFeeChf > 0) {
+          const alreadyBilled = await tenantSkillHasBeenBilled(
+            tenantName,
+            sp.skillId
+          );
+          if (!alreadyBilled) {
+            const setupMetadata = { skill_id: sp.skillId };
+            lines.push({
+              tenantName,
+              kind: "skill_setup",
+              description: formatLineDescription(
+                { kind: "skill_setup", tenantName, metadata: setupMetadata },
+                locale
+              ),
+              quantity: 1,
+              unitLabel: null,
+              unitPriceChf: sp.setupFeeChf,
+              amountChf: round2(sp.setupFeeChf),
+              metadata: setupMetadata,
+              displayOrder: displayOrder++,
+            });
+          }
+        }
+        const skillMetadata = {
+          skill_id: sp.skillId,
+          billable_days: billableDays,
+          event_count: skillEvents.length,
+        };
+        lines.push({
+          tenantName,
+          kind: "skill_usage",
+          description: formatLineDescription(
+            { kind: "skill_usage", tenantName, metadata: skillMetadata },
+            locale
+          ),
+          quantity: billableDays,
+          unitLabel: "days",
+          unitPriceChf: sp.dailyPriceChf,
+          amountChf: round2(billableDays * sp.dailyPriceChf),
+          metadata: skillMetadata,
+          displayOrder: displayOrder++,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return lines;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Public API
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export async function computeInvoiceDraft(opts: {
+  zitadelOrgId: string;
+  year: number;
+  month: number;
+  locale?: string;
+  paymentMethod?: InvoicePaymentMethod;
+}): Promise<InvoiceDraft> {
+  const { zitadelOrgId, year, month } = opts;
+  const { periodStart, periodEnd, daysInMonth } = monthBounds(year, month);
+  const warnings: string[] = [];
+
+  // 1. Billing address. Required — without it we can't produce a
+  //    valid invoice.
+  const orgBilling = await getOrgBilling(zitadelOrgId);
+  if (!orgBilling) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Org ${zitadelOrgId} has no billing address on file. ` +
+        `The customer must complete /settings/billing before an invoice can be issued.`
+    );
+  }
+  const snapshot: InvoiceBillingSnapshot = {
+    companyName: orgBilling.companyName,
+    streetAddress: orgBilling.streetAddress,
+    postalCode: orgBilling.postalCode,
+    city: orgBilling.city,
+    country: orgBilling.country,
+    vatNumber: orgBilling.vatNumber ?? null,
+    billingEmail: orgBilling.billingEmail,
+    notes: orgBilling.notes ?? null,
+  };
+
+  // 2. Platform pricing + skill prices.
+  const platformPricing = await getPlatformPricing();
+  const skillPricing = await listSkillPricing();
+
+  // 3. Find all tenants for this org. We list from K8s (source of
+  //    truth) and filter by the zitadel-org-id label.
+  const allTenants = await listTenants();
+  const orgTenants = allTenants.filter(
+    (t) => t.metadata.labels?.["pieced.ch/zitadel-org-id"] === zitadelOrgId
+  );
+  if (orgTenants.length === 0) {
+    warnings.push(`No tenants found for org ${zitadelOrgId}.`);
+  }
+
+  // 4. Build lines, grouped per tenant (display order preserved).
+  // Locale must be resolved before line construction since the
+  // descriptions are localized at compute time.
+  const locale = opts.locale ?? defaultLocaleForCountry(snapshot.country);
+  const lines: Omit<InvoiceLine, "id" | "invoiceId">[] = [];
+  let nextDisplayOrder = 0;
+  // Sort tenants by name for stable line ordering across regenerations.
+  orgTenants.sort((a, b) => a.metadata.name.localeCompare(b.metadata.name));
+  for (const tenant of orgTenants) {
+    const tenantLines = await buildTenantLines({
+      tenant,
+      periodStart,
+      periodEnd,
+      daysInMonth,
+      platformPricing,
+      skillPricing,
+      locale,
+      warnings,
+      displayOrderOffset: nextDisplayOrder,
+    });
+    lines.push(...tenantLines);
+    nextDisplayOrder += tenantLines.length;
+  }
+
+  // 5. Subtotal & VAT.
+  const subtotal = round2(lines.reduce((acc, l) => acc + l.amountChf, 0));
+  const vat = vatRateForAddress(snapshot, platformPricing);
+  const vatAmount = round2((subtotal * vat.rate) / 100);
+  const total = round2(subtotal + vatAmount);
+  if (vat.note) warnings.push(vat.note);
+
+  // 6. Payment method: prefer pay-by-invoice if the admin enabled
+  //    it for the org, otherwise default to invoice. Card payment
+  //    is wired in Phase 4 — for Phase 2 every invoice is 'invoice'.
+  const orgConfig = await getOrgBillingConfig(zitadelOrgId);
+  const paymentMethod: InvoicePaymentMethod =
+    opts.paymentMethod ?? (orgConfig.payByInvoice ? "invoice" : "invoice");
+
+  return {
+    zitadelOrgId,
+    periodStart,
+    periodEnd,
+    dueAt: dueDate(periodEnd, 30),
+    locale,
+    paymentMethod,
+    billingSnapshot: snapshot,
+    lines,
+    subtotalChf: subtotal,
+    vatRate: vat.rate,
+    vatAmountChf: vatAmount,
+    totalChf: total,
+    warnings,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute + render + persist in one step. If dryRun is true, the
+ * draft is returned without persisting and no PDF is rendered (the
+ * preview UI hits this).
+ */
+export async function generateInvoice(opts: {
+  zitadelOrgId: string;
+  year: number;
+  month: number;
+  locale?: string;
+  dryRun?: boolean;
+}): Promise<{ draft: InvoiceDraft; invoice: Invoice | null }> {
+  const draft = await computeInvoiceDraft(opts);
+  if (opts.dryRun) {
+    return { draft, invoice: null };
+  }
+  // Render the PDF first — if it fails, we never touch the DB.
+  // The PDF render needs the invoice number, which is allocated
+  // inside createInvoice's transaction. To keep the PDF rendering
+  // outside the DB transaction (it can be slow), we render with a
+  // placeholder number, allocate the real number inside the tx,
+  // then re-render? No — instead we generate a temporary draft
+  // number for the PDF and accept that the displayed number on
+  // the PDF matches what we'll persist (because the allocator is
+  // serialized).
+  //
+  // Practical approach: render the PDF inside createInvoice's tx,
+  // immediately after allocation. This is fine because react-pdf
+  // is reasonably fast (~50–200 ms for a typical invoice) and
+  // happens once per invoice.
+  //
+  // To avoid restructuring createInvoice, we do this in two
+  // passes: (1) reserve a number via createInvoice with a
+  // placeholder PDF; (2) render with the real number; (3) UPDATE
+  // pdf_data. The trade-off is two write trips but keeps the code
+  // shape simple. We accept it.
+  //
+  // Reasoning behind two-pass: if PDF render is moved inside the
+  // tx and fails (font missing, etc.), the allocated counter rolls
+  // back — good. But it also means the connection is held during
+  // render. At v1 scale that's fine; the choice is reversible.
+
+  // Pass 1: allocate number + persist with empty PDF.
+  const placeholder = await createInvoice(draft, null, null);
+  try {
+    const pdfBuffer = await renderInvoicePdf(
+      placeholder,
+      draft.lines.map((l, i) => ({
+        ...l,
+        id: `tmp-${i}`,
+        invoiceId: placeholder.id,
+      }))
+    );
+    const filename = `${placeholder.invoiceNumber}.pdf`;
+    // Pass 2: store the PDF bytes.
+    await updateInvoicePdf(placeholder.id, pdfBuffer, filename);
+    const finalInvoice = await getInvoiceById(placeholder.id);
+    return { draft, invoice: finalInvoice ?? placeholder };
+  } catch (e) {
+    // Render failed — leave the persisted row in place so admin can
+    // inspect it, but surface the error.
+    throw new Error(
+      `Invoice ${placeholder.invoiceNumber} persisted but PDF rendering failed: ${
+        e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)
+      }. Use the admin "delete invoice" tool to clean up if needed.`
+    );
+  }
+}
--- a/src/lib/db.ts
+++ b/src/lib/db.ts
@@ -331,6 +331,12 @@ const MIGRATION_SQL = `
    created_at               TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
    updated_at               TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
  );
+  -- Phase 2 addition: per-skill one-time setup fee. Charged the
+  -- first time a given (tenant, skill) appears on an invoice line.
+  -- Default 0 so pricing rows created before this column exists
+  -- stay free until the admin sets a fee.
+  ALTER TABLE skill_pricing
+    ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS setup_fee_chf NUMERIC(10,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;

  -- One row per tenant. created_at anchors first-month proration;
  -- deleted_at (nullable, stamped on delete) anchors last-month
@@ -470,6 +476,12 @@ const MIGRATION_SQL = `
    paid_method_detail       TEXT,
    created_at               TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
  );
+  -- Phase 2 addition: PDF locale, frozen at issue time so re-rendering
+  -- an old invoice produces an identical document. Defaults to 'de'
+  -- since most pilot customers are Swiss B2B; the generator UI lets
+  -- admin override at issue time.
+  ALTER TABLE invoices
+    ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS locale TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'de';
  CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_invoices_org
    ON invoices(zitadel_org_id, issued_at DESC);
  CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_invoices_status
@@ -1693,6 +1705,7 @@ function rowToSkillPricing(row: any): SkillPricing {
  return {
    skillId: row.skill_id,
    dailyPriceChf: Number(row.daily_price_chf),
+    setupFeeChf: Number(row.setup_fee_chf ?? 0),
    createdAt: row.created_at?.toISOString?.() ?? row.created_at,
    updatedAt: row.updated_at?.toISOString?.() ?? row.updated_at,
  };
@@ -1718,24 +1731,30 @@ export async function getSkillPricing(
 }

 /**
- * Upsert a daily price for a package. Setting a price activates
- * usage-based billing for the (tenant, skill) pair: every UTC day
- * the package was enabled in the billing month is one unit on the
- * invoice.
+ * Upsert pricing for a package. `dailyPriceChf` activates
+ * usage-based billing (one billable unit per UTC day the package
+ * was enabled). `setupFeeChf` is a one-time charge emitted on the
+ * first invoice line for any given (tenant, skill).
+ *
+ * Both fields are required so admin must consciously set 0 to mean
+ * "no setup fee" rather than accidentally inheriting an old value
+ * from a partial update.
 */
 export async function setSkillPricing(
  skillId: string,
-  dailyPriceChf: number
+  dailyPriceChf: number,
+  setupFeeChf: number
 ): Promise<SkillPricing> {
  await ensureSchema();
  const result = await getPool().query(
-    `INSERT INTO skill_pricing (skill_id, daily_price_chf)
-     VALUES ($1, $2)
+    `INSERT INTO skill_pricing (skill_id, daily_price_chf, setup_fee_chf)
+     VALUES ($1, $2, $3)
     ON CONFLICT (skill_id) DO UPDATE SET
       daily_price_chf = EXCLUDED.daily_price_chf,
+       setup_fee_chf   = EXCLUDED.setup_fee_chf,
       updated_at      = now()
     RETURNING *`,
-    [skillId, dailyPriceChf]
+    [skillId, dailyPriceChf, setupFeeChf]
  );
  return rowToSkillPricing(result.rows[0]);
 }
@@ -2124,3 +2143,450 @@ export async function backfillTenantBillingLifecycle(tenants: {
  }
  return { lifecycleInserted, eventsInserted, suspensionEventsInserted };
 }
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Billing — Phase 2: invoice persistence
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// Invoice creation is intentionally a single transaction: allocate
+// number, INSERT invoice, INSERT lines, store PDF — all-or-nothing.
+// The Postgres invoice_number_counters row lock serializes
+// concurrent allocators for the same year, producing gapless
+// numbering even under bursts.
+
+import type {
+  Invoice,
+  InvoiceBillingSnapshot,
+  InvoiceDetail,
+  InvoiceDraft,
+  InvoiceLine,
+  InvoiceStatus,
+} from "@/types";
+
+function rowToInvoice(row: any): Invoice {
+  return {
+    id: row.id,
+    invoiceNumber: row.invoice_number,
+    zitadelOrgId: row.zitadel_org_id,
+    periodStart: typeof row.period_start === "string"
+      ? row.period_start
+      : row.period_start.toISOString().split("T")[0],
+    periodEnd: typeof row.period_end === "string"
+      ? row.period_end
+      : row.period_end.toISOString().split("T")[0],
+    issuedAt: row.issued_at?.toISOString?.() ?? row.issued_at,
+    dueAt: typeof row.due_at === "string"
+      ? row.due_at
+      : row.due_at.toISOString().split("T")[0],
+    subtotalChf: Number(row.subtotal_chf),
+    vatRate: Number(row.vat_rate),
+    vatAmountChf: Number(row.vat_amount_chf),
+    totalChf: Number(row.total_chf),
+    status: row.status as InvoiceStatus,
+    locale: row.locale ?? "de",
+    paymentMethod: row.payment_method,
+    billingSnapshot: row.billing_snapshot as InvoiceBillingSnapshot,
+    stripePaymentIntentId: row.stripe_payment_intent_id ?? null,
+    pdfFilename: row.pdf_filename ?? null,
+    hasPdf: row.has_pdf ?? row.pdf_data !== null,
+    adminNotes: row.admin_notes ?? null,
+    paidAt: row.paid_at?.toISOString?.() ?? row.paid_at ?? null,
+    paidBy: row.paid_by ?? null,
+    paidMethodDetail: row.paid_method_detail ?? null,
+    createdAt: row.created_at?.toISOString?.() ?? row.created_at,
+  };
+}
+
+function rowToInvoiceLine(row: any): InvoiceLine {
+  return {
+    id: row.id,
+    invoiceId: row.invoice_id,
+    tenantName: row.tenant_name ?? null,
+    kind: row.kind,
+    description: row.description,
+    quantity: Number(row.quantity),
+    unitLabel: row.unit_label ?? null,
+    unitPriceChf: Number(row.unit_price_chf),
+    amountChf: Number(row.amount_chf),
+    metadata: row.metadata ?? null,
+    displayOrder: row.display_order,
+  };
+}
+
+// Standard SELECT projection that includes a cheap NOT-NULL probe of
+// pdf_data instead of pulling the bytes themselves. Crucial for list
+// endpoints — a few KB per row across hundreds of invoices is wasted
+// network and memory.
+const INVOICE_LIST_COLUMNS = `
+  id, invoice_number, zitadel_org_id, period_start, period_end,
+  issued_at, due_at, subtotal_chf, vat_rate, vat_amount_chf,
+  total_chf, status, locale, payment_method, billing_snapshot,
+  stripe_payment_intent_id, pdf_filename, admin_notes, paid_at,
+  paid_by, paid_method_detail, created_at,
+  (pdf_data IS NOT NULL) AS has_pdf
+`;
+
+/**
+ * Persist a fully-computed invoice draft with its lines and PDF in
+ * a single transaction. Allocates the year-scoped invoice number
+ * inside the same transaction so a rollback restores the counter
+ * (gapless guarantee).
+ *
+ * The caller is responsible for upstream validation:
+ *   - the (org, period) uniqueness (the unique index will reject
+ *     duplicates, but we return a clear error message rather than
+ *     leaking the constraint name)
+ *   - the draft's lines/totals are consistent (compute pipeline
+ *     ensures this)
+ *
+ * `pdfBuffer` is the rendered PDF bytes; pass null if PDF is
+ * generated separately or stored in a side channel. For Phase 2 we
+ * always render synchronously and pass the buffer here.
+ */
+export async function createInvoice(
+  draft: InvoiceDraft,
+  pdfBuffer: Buffer | null,
+  pdfFilename: string | null
+): Promise<Invoice> {
+  await ensureSchema();
+  const pool = getPool();
+  const client = await pool.connect();
+  try {
+    await client.query("BEGIN");
+
+    // Allocate number for the year of period_start. Locking the
+    // counter row prevents concurrent allocators from racing.
+    const year = parseInt(draft.periodStart.slice(0, 4), 10);
+    const counterResult = await client.query(
+      `INSERT INTO invoice_number_counters (year, last_number)
+       VALUES ($1, 1)
+       ON CONFLICT (year) DO UPDATE SET
+         last_number = invoice_number_counters.last_number + 1
+       RETURNING last_number`,
+      [year]
+    );
+    const seq = counterResult.rows[0].last_number;
+    const invoiceNumber = `${year}-${String(seq).padStart(5, "0")}`;
+
+    // Insert invoice row. PDF goes inline as bytea for v1; we can
+    // migrate to MinIO/S3 later if storage gets noisy.
+    const inv = await client.query(
+      `INSERT INTO invoices (
+         invoice_number, zitadel_org_id, period_start, period_end,
+         issued_at, due_at, subtotal_chf, vat_rate, vat_amount_chf,
+         total_chf, status, locale, payment_method, billing_snapshot,
+         pdf_data, pdf_filename
+       ) VALUES (
+         $1, $2, $3::date, $4::date, now(), $5::date, $6, $7, $8, $9,
+         'open', $10, $11, $12::jsonb, $13, $14
+       )
+       RETURNING ${INVOICE_LIST_COLUMNS}`,
+      [
+        invoiceNumber,
+        draft.zitadelOrgId,
+        draft.periodStart,
+        draft.periodEnd,
+        draft.dueAt,
+        draft.subtotalChf,
+        draft.vatRate,
+        draft.vatAmountChf,
+        draft.totalChf,
+        draft.locale,
+        draft.paymentMethod,
+        JSON.stringify(draft.billingSnapshot),
+        pdfBuffer,
+        pdfFilename,
+      ]
+    );
+    const invoiceId = inv.rows[0].id;
+
+    // Insert lines in batch — one INSERT statement is significantly
+    // faster than per-line round-trips, which matters when an invoice
+    // accumulates many ai_usage / skill_usage lines.
+    if (draft.lines.length > 0) {
+      const placeholders: string[] = [];
+      const values: any[] = [];
+      let idx = 1;
+      for (const line of draft.lines) {
+        placeholders.push(
+          `($${idx++}, $${idx++}, $${idx++}, $${idx++}, $${idx++}, $${idx++}, $${idx++}, $${idx++}, $${idx++}::jsonb, $${idx++})`
+        );
+        values.push(
+          invoiceId,
+          line.tenantName,
+          line.kind,
+          line.description,
+          line.quantity,
+          line.unitLabel,
+          line.unitPriceChf,
+          line.amountChf,
+          line.metadata ? JSON.stringify(line.metadata) : null,
+          line.displayOrder
+        );
+      }
+      await client.query(
+        `INSERT INTO invoice_lines (
+           invoice_id, tenant_name, kind, description, quantity,
+           unit_label, unit_price_chf, amount_chf, metadata, display_order
+         ) VALUES ${placeholders.join(", ")}`,
+        values
+      );
+    }
+
+    await client.query("COMMIT");
+    return rowToInvoice(inv.rows[0]);
+  } catch (e: any) {
+    await client.query("ROLLBACK").catch(() => undefined);
+    // Translate the uniqueness violation into a user-friendly error.
+    // 23505 = unique_violation in Postgres.
+    if (e?.code === "23505" && /uniq_invoices_org_period/.test(e?.constraint ?? "")) {
+      const month = draft.periodStart.slice(0, 7);
+      throw new Error(
+        `An invoice already exists for this org and billing period (${month}). ` +
+          `Delete the existing invoice first if you want to regenerate.`
+      );
+    }
+    throw e;
+  } finally {
+    client.release();
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getInvoiceById(id: string): Promise<Invoice | null> {
+  await ensureSchema();
+  const result = await getPool().query(
+    `SELECT ${INVOICE_LIST_COLUMNS} FROM invoices WHERE id = $1`,
+    [id]
+  );
+  return result.rows.length > 0 ? rowToInvoice(result.rows[0]) : null;
+}
+
+export async function getInvoiceDetail(
+  id: string
+): Promise<InvoiceDetail | null> {
+  const invoice = await getInvoiceById(id);
+  if (!invoice) return null;
+  const lines = await getPool().query(
+    `SELECT * FROM invoice_lines WHERE invoice_id = $1
+     ORDER BY display_order, id`,
+    [id]
+  );
+  return { invoice, lines: lines.rows.map(rowToInvoiceLine) };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fetch the PDF bytes for an invoice. Returns null if no PDF was
+ * stored (shouldn't happen in v1; defensive against partial state).
+ */
+export async function getInvoicePdf(
+  id: string
+): Promise<{ data: Buffer; filename: string } | null> {
+  await ensureSchema();
+  const result = await getPool().query(
+    "SELECT pdf_data, pdf_filename, invoice_number FROM invoices WHERE id = $1",
+    [id]
+  );
+  if (result.rows.length === 0) return null;
+  const row = result.rows[0];
+  if (!row.pdf_data) return null;
+  return {
+    data: row.pdf_data,
+    filename: row.pdf_filename ?? `${row.invoice_number}.pdf`,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * List invoices, optionally filtered. Used by the admin invoice
+ * list page and (Phase 3) the customer-facing /billing page.
+ *
+ * The customer-facing call site MUST pass `zitadelOrgId` to scope
+ * results — this helper does not enforce that itself.
+ */
+export async function listInvoices(filters: {
+  zitadelOrgId?: string;
+  status?: InvoiceStatus;
+  /** Inclusive YYYY-MM filter on period_start. */
+  periodMonth?: string;
+  limit?: number;
+} = {}): Promise<Invoice[]> {
+  await ensureSchema();
+  const where: string[] = [];
+  const values: any[] = [];
+  let idx = 1;
+  if (filters.zitadelOrgId) {
+    where.push(`zitadel_org_id = $${idx++}`);
+    values.push(filters.zitadelOrgId);
+  }
+  if (filters.status) {
+    where.push(`status = $${idx++}`);
+    values.push(filters.status);
+  }
+  if (filters.periodMonth) {
+    where.push(`to_char(period_start, 'YYYY-MM') = $${idx++}`);
+    values.push(filters.periodMonth);
+  }
+  const limit = filters.limit ?? 200;
+  const sql =
+    `SELECT ${INVOICE_LIST_COLUMNS} FROM invoices ` +
+    (where.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${where.join(" AND ")} ` : "") +
+    `ORDER BY issued_at DESC LIMIT $${idx}`;
+  values.push(limit);
+  const result = await getPool().query(sql, values);
+  return result.rows.map(rowToInvoice);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sweep open invoices past their due date to `overdue` status.
+ * Cheap idempotent UPDATE; safe to call on every admin list view
+ * to keep status fresh without a dedicated cron.
+ */
+export async function syncOverdueInvoices(): Promise<number> {
+  await ensureSchema();
+  const result = await getPool().query(
+    `UPDATE invoices
+        SET status = 'overdue'
+      WHERE status = 'open'
+        AND due_at < CURRENT_DATE`
+  );
+  return result.rowCount ?? 0;
+}
+
+export async function markInvoicePaid(
+  id: string,
+  opts: { paidBy: string; paidMethodDetail?: string | null; paidAt?: Date }
+): Promise<Invoice | null> {
+  await ensureSchema();
+  const result = await getPool().query(
+    `UPDATE invoices
+        SET status = 'paid',
+            paid_at = COALESCE($2::timestamptz, now()),
+            paid_by = $3,
+            paid_method_detail = $4
+      WHERE id = $1
+        AND status IN ('open', 'overdue')
+      RETURNING ${INVOICE_LIST_COLUMNS}`,
+    [
+      id,
+      opts.paidAt ?? null,
+      opts.paidBy,
+      opts.paidMethodDetail ?? null,
+    ]
+  );
+  return result.rows.length > 0 ? rowToInvoice(result.rows[0]) : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Hard delete an invoice and its lines (CASCADE).
+ *
+ * This is the testing tool — Swiss bookkeeping requires immutable
+ * invoices in production, but during pilot/testing we need to
+ * iterate. The gap left in the invoice number sequence is
+ * intentional and documented; no attempt to "recycle" numbers.
+ *
+ * Reminders (and their PDFs) cascade-delete via the FK.
+ */
+export async function deleteInvoice(id: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  await ensureSchema();
+  const result = await getPool().query(
+    "DELETE FROM invoices WHERE id = $1 RETURNING id",
+    [id]
+  );
+  return (result.rowCount ?? 0) > 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Has this tenant ever been billed a setup fee? Drives the
+ * compute pipeline's "include setup line on first invoice"
+ * decision. Looks at invoice_lines directly so it survives org
+ * billing config edits.
+ */
+export async function tenantHasSetupFeeBilled(
+  tenantName: string
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  await ensureSchema();
+  const result = await getPool().query(
+    `SELECT 1 FROM invoice_lines
+      WHERE tenant_name = $1 AND kind = 'tenant_setup'
+      LIMIT 1`,
+    [tenantName]
+  );
+  return result.rows.length > 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Has this (tenant, skill) pair already appeared on any prior
+ * invoice line — either as setup or usage? Drives the per-skill
+ * setup-fee gate. Same "first appearance" semantics as the tenant
+ * setup fee: a previously-free skill that newly gets a setup fee
+ * configured will trigger the fee on its next billed period.
+ *
+ * Uses metadata->>'skill_id' (which is what both skill_setup and
+ * skill_usage lines store) rather than parsing description.
+ */
+export async function tenantSkillHasBeenBilled(
+  tenantName: string,
+  skillId: string
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  await ensureSchema();
+  const result = await getPool().query(
+    `SELECT 1 FROM invoice_lines
+      WHERE tenant_name = $1
+        AND kind IN ('skill_setup', 'skill_usage')
+        AND metadata->>'skill_id' = $2
+      LIMIT 1`,
+    [tenantName, skillId]
+  );
+  return result.rows.length > 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Aggregate open balance per org for the admin overview. Returns
+ * orgs with at least one open or overdue invoice; orgs in good
+ * standing don't appear.
+ */
+export async function getOrgOpenBalances(): Promise<{
+  zitadelOrgId: string;
+  openCount: number;
+  overdueCount: number;
+  totalOpenChf: number;
+}[]> {
+  await ensureSchema();
+  const result = await getPool().query(
+    `SELECT
+        zitadel_org_id,
+        COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'open') AS open_count,
+        COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'overdue') AS overdue_count,
+        SUM(total_chf) FILTER (WHERE status IN ('open', 'overdue')) AS total_open
+      FROM invoices
+      WHERE status IN ('open', 'overdue')
+      GROUP BY zitadel_org_id
+      ORDER BY total_open DESC`
+  );
+  return result.rows.map((r) => ({
+    zitadelOrgId: r.zitadel_org_id,
+    openCount: Number(r.open_count),
+    overdueCount: Number(r.overdue_count),
+    totalOpenChf: Number(r.total_open),
+  }));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update the stored PDF for an invoice. Used by the two-pass
+ * compute pipeline: insert invoice with empty PDF → render PDF with
+ * the allocated invoice number → write bytes back.
+ *
+ * Could be merged into createInvoice via a render callback in a
+ * future cleanup, but two passes are simpler and the extra UPDATE
+ * is cheap.
+ */
+export async function updateInvoicePdf(
+  invoiceId: string,
+  pdfBuffer: Buffer,
+  filename: string
+): Promise<void> {
+  await ensureSchema();
+  await getPool().query(
+    "UPDATE invoices SET pdf_data = $2, pdf_filename = $3 WHERE id = $1",
+    [invoiceId, pdfBuffer, filename]
+  );
+}
--- a/src/messages/de.json
+++ b/src/messages/de.json
@@ -384,7 +384,8 @@
    "spendChf": "Kosten (CHF)",
    "resumeRequestBadge": "Wieder",
    "resumeRequestTooltip": "Reaktivierungsanfrage für einen bestehenden Tenant. Bei Genehmigung wird der Tenant wieder aktiviert; keine Provisionierung läuft.",
-    "openclawTool": "OpenClaw-Versionen"
+    "openclawTool": "OpenClaw-Versionen",
+    "billingTool": "Abrechnung →"
  },
  "channelUsers": {
    "title": "Autorisierte Benutzer",
@@ -553,5 +554,107 @@
    "defaultPrefix": "Standard:",
    "saveOverride": "Override speichern",
    "clearOverride": "Override entfernen"
+  },
+  "adminBilling": {
+    "title": "Abrechnungsverwaltung",
+    "subtitle": "Plattform-Preise verwalten, Rechnungen generieren und den Rechnungsstatus aller Organisationen prüfen.",
+    "backToAdmin": "Zurück zur Verwaltung",
+    "backToBilling": "Zurück zur Abrechnung",
+    "backToInvoices": "Zurück zu den Rechnungen",
+    "totalOpenBalance": "Offener Saldo gesamt",
+    "orgsWithBalance": "Organisationen mit Saldo",
+    "overdueInvoices": "Überfällige Rechnungen",
+    "pricingTitle": "Preise",
+    "pricingDesc": "Plattform- & Skill-Preise, MWST-Satz.",
+    "pricingPageDesc": "Plattformweite Preise und Skill-Tagespreise bearbeiten.",
+    "generateTitle": "Rechnung erstellen",
+    "generateDesc": "Rechnung für eine Organisation und einen Monat berechnen und ausstellen.",
+    "generatePageDesc": "Organisation, Periode und Sprache wählen. Die Vorschau zeigt die berechneten Positionen; mit Bestätigen wird die Rechnung ausgestellt und das PDF erzeugt.",
+    "invoicesTitle": "Rechnungen",
+    "invoicesDesc": "Alle Rechnungen anzeigen, als bezahlt markieren, PDFs herunterladen.",
+    "invoicesPageDesc": "Alle von der Plattform ausgestellten Rechnungen. Mit dem Statusfilter offene oder überfällige Positionen einsehen.",
+    "balancesTitle": "Organisationen mit offenem Saldo",
+    "orgIdCol": "Zitadel-Org-ID",
+    "openCountCol": "Offen",
+    "overdueCountCol": "Überfällig",
+    "totalOpenCol": "Gesamt offen",
+    "platformPricingTitle": "Plattform-Preise",
+    "monthlyFeeLabel": "Monatliche Tenant-Gebühr",
+    "setupFeeLabel": "Einrichtungsgebühr Tenant",
+    "threemaMessageLabel": "Threema pro Nachricht",
+    "vatRateLabel": "MWST-Satz (CH/LI)",
+    "save": "Speichern",
+    "saving": "Speichere…",
+    "savedOk": "Gespeichert",
+    "skillPricingTitle": "Skill-Preise",
+    "skillPricingDesc": "Tagespreis pro Skill. Ein zu beliebigem Zeitpunkt an einem UTC-Tag aktivierter Skill zählt als ein abrechenbarer Tag.",
+    "skillCol": "Skill",
+    "dailyPriceCol": "Tagespreis",
+    "actionsCol": "",
+    "remove": "Entfernen",
+    "noSkillsPriced": "Noch keine Skills bepreist.",
+    "addSkillLabel": "Skill hinzufügen",
+    "dailyPriceLabel": "Tagespreis",
+    "add": "Hinzufügen",
+    "confirmDeleteSkillPrice": "Preis für {skill} entfernen?",
+    "clickToEdit": "Zum Bearbeiten klicken",
+    "generateFormTitle": "Rechnung erstellen",
+    "noOrgsToGenerate": "Keine Organisationen mit Tenants gefunden.",
+    "orgLabel": "Organisation",
+    "noBillingAddrTag": "keine Rechnungsadresse",
+    "noBillingAddrWarning": "Diese Organisation hat keine Rechnungsadresse hinterlegt. Der Kunde muss /settings/billing ausfüllen, bevor eine Rechnung ausgestellt werden kann.",
+    "tenantsLabel": "Tenants",
+    "yearLabel": "Jahr",
+    "monthLabel": "Monat",
+    "localeLabel": "PDF-Sprache",
+    "localeAuto": "Automatisch",
+    "previewBtn": "Vorschau",
+    "commitBtn": "Bestätigen & ausstellen",
+    "computing": "Berechne…",
+    "confirmGenerate": "Diese Rechnung ausstellen? Es wird eine Rechnungsnummer vergeben und das PDF erzeugt.",
+    "previewTitle": "Entwurfsvorschau",
+    "warningsTitle": "Hinweise",
+    "noLinesGenerated": "Keine abrechenbaren Positionen für diese Periode.",
+    "descCol": "Beschreibung",
+    "qtyCol": "Menge",
+    "unitPriceCol": "Einzelpreis",
+    "amountCol": "Betrag (CHF)",
+    "subtotal": "Zwischensumme",
+    "vat": "MWST",
+    "total": "Total",
+    "statusFilterLabel": "Status",
+    "allStatuses": "Alle",
+    "monthFilterLabel": "Periode",
+    "clearFilter": "Zurücksetzen",
+    "loading": "Lade…",
+    "noInvoicesFound": "Keine Rechnungen entsprechen den aktuellen Filtern.",
+    "invoiceNumberCol": "Nummer",
+    "orgCol": "Organisation",
+    "periodCol": "Periode",
+    "statusCol": "Status",
+    "totalCol": "Total",
+    "dueCol": "Fällig",
+    "status_draft": "Entwurf",
+    "status_open": "Offen",
+    "status_paid": "Bezahlt",
+    "status_overdue": "Überfällig",
+    "status_void": "Storniert",
+    "status_uncollectible": "Uneinbringlich",
+    "dueOnLabel": "Fällig",
+    "totalLabel": "Total",
+    "downloadPdfBtn": "PDF herunterladen",
+    "markPaidBtn": "Als bezahlt markieren",
+    "paidNotePlaceholder": "Optionale Notiz (z. B. Bankreferenz, Eingangsdatum)",
+    "confirm": "Bestätigen",
+    "cancel": "Abbrechen",
+    "deleteBtn": "Löschen",
+    "deleting": "Lösche…",
+    "deleteHint": "Rechnung hart löschen (Test-Tool). Die Nummer bleibt vergeben.",
+    "confirmDeleteInvoice": "Rechnung {num} löschen? Dies ist eine harte Löschung — die Rechnungsnummer bleibt verbraucht.",
+    "paidOnLabel": "Bezahlt am",
+    "lineItemsTitle": "Positionen",
+    "billToSnapshotTitle": "Rechnungsempfänger",
+    "setupFeeCol": "Einrichtungsgebühr",
+    "skillSetupFeeLabel": "Einrichtungsgebühr"
  }
 }
--- a/src/messages/en.json
+++ b/src/messages/en.json
@@ -384,7 +384,8 @@
    "spendChf": "Spend (CHF)",
    "resumeRequestBadge": "Resume",
    "resumeRequestTooltip": "Reactivation request for an existing tenant. Approving will un-suspend the tenant; no provisioning runs.",
-    "openclawTool": "OpenClaw versions"
+    "openclawTool": "OpenClaw versions",
+    "billingTool": "Billing →"
  },
  "channelUsers": {
    "title": "Authorized Users",
@@ -553,5 +554,107 @@
    "defaultPrefix": "Default:",
    "saveOverride": "Save override",
    "clearOverride": "Clear override"
+  },
+  "adminBilling": {
+    "title": "Billing administration",
+    "subtitle": "Manage platform pricing, generate invoices, and review billing status across all organizations.",
+    "backToAdmin": "Back to Admin",
+    "backToBilling": "Back to Billing",
+    "backToInvoices": "Back to Invoices",
+    "totalOpenBalance": "Total open balance",
+    "orgsWithBalance": "Orgs with balance",
+    "overdueInvoices": "Overdue invoices",
+    "pricingTitle": "Pricing",
+    "pricingDesc": "Platform & skill prices, VAT rate.",
+    "pricingPageDesc": "Edit platform-wide pricing and per-skill daily rates.",
+    "generateTitle": "Generate invoice",
+    "generateDesc": "Compute and issue an invoice for a given org & month.",
+    "generatePageDesc": "Pick an org, period and locale. Preview shows the computed lines; commit issues the invoice and renders the PDF.",
+    "invoicesTitle": "Invoices",
+    "invoicesDesc": "Browse all issued invoices, mark paid, download PDFs.",
+    "invoicesPageDesc": "All invoices issued by the platform. Use the status filter to focus on open or overdue items.",
+    "balancesTitle": "Orgs with open balance",
+    "orgIdCol": "Zitadel org ID",
+    "openCountCol": "Open",
+    "overdueCountCol": "Overdue",
+    "totalOpenCol": "Total open",
+    "platformPricingTitle": "Platform pricing",
+    "monthlyFeeLabel": "Tenant monthly fee",
+    "setupFeeLabel": "Tenant setup fee",
+    "threemaMessageLabel": "Threema per message",
+    "vatRateLabel": "VAT rate (CH/LI)",
+    "save": "Save",
+    "saving": "Saving…",
+    "savedOk": "Saved",
+    "skillPricingTitle": "Skill pricing",
+    "skillPricingDesc": "Per-skill daily price. A skill enabled at any point during a UTC day counts as one billable day.",
+    "skillCol": "Skill",
+    "dailyPriceCol": "Daily price",
+    "actionsCol": "",
+    "remove": "Remove",
+    "noSkillsPriced": "No skills are priced yet.",
+    "addSkillLabel": "Add skill",
+    "dailyPriceLabel": "Daily price",
+    "add": "Add",
+    "confirmDeleteSkillPrice": "Remove pricing for {skill}?",
+    "clickToEdit": "Click to edit",
+    "generateFormTitle": "Generate invoice",
+    "noOrgsToGenerate": "No organizations with tenants found.",
+    "orgLabel": "Organization",
+    "noBillingAddrTag": "no billing address",
+    "noBillingAddrWarning": "This org has no billing address on file. The customer must complete /settings/billing before an invoice can be issued.",
+    "tenantsLabel": "tenants",
+    "yearLabel": "Year",
+    "monthLabel": "Month",
+    "localeLabel": "PDF language",
+    "localeAuto": "Auto",
+    "previewBtn": "Preview",
+    "commitBtn": "Commit & issue",
+    "computing": "Computing…",
+    "confirmGenerate": "Issue this invoice? This action allocates an invoice number and renders the PDF.",
+    "previewTitle": "Draft preview",
+    "warningsTitle": "Warnings",
+    "noLinesGenerated": "No billable lines for this period.",
+    "descCol": "Description",
+    "qtyCol": "Qty",
+    "unitPriceCol": "Unit price",
+    "amountCol": "Amount (CHF)",
+    "subtotal": "Subtotal",
+    "vat": "VAT",
+    "total": "Total",
+    "statusFilterLabel": "Status",
+    "allStatuses": "All",
+    "monthFilterLabel": "Period",
+    "clearFilter": "Clear",
+    "loading": "Loading…",
+    "noInvoicesFound": "No invoices match the current filters.",
+    "invoiceNumberCol": "Number",
+    "orgCol": "Organization",
+    "periodCol": "Period",
+    "statusCol": "Status",
+    "totalCol": "Total",
+    "dueCol": "Due",
+    "status_draft": "Draft",
+    "status_open": "Open",
+    "status_paid": "Paid",
+    "status_overdue": "Overdue",
+    "status_void": "Void",
+    "status_uncollectible": "Uncollectible",
+    "dueOnLabel": "Due",
+    "totalLabel": "Total",
+    "downloadPdfBtn": "Download PDF",
+    "markPaidBtn": "Mark as paid",
+    "paidNotePlaceholder": "Optional note (e.g. bank reference, deposit date)",
+    "confirm": "Confirm",
+    "cancel": "Cancel",
+    "deleteBtn": "Delete",
+    "deleting": "Deleting…",
+    "deleteHint": "Hard-delete this invoice (testing tool). Number is consumed.",
+    "confirmDeleteInvoice": "Delete invoice {num}? This is a hard delete — the invoice number stays consumed.",
+    "paidOnLabel": "Paid",
+    "lineItemsTitle": "Line items",
+    "billToSnapshotTitle": "Billed to",
+    "setupFeeCol": "Setup fee",
+    "skillSetupFeeLabel": "Setup fee"
  }
 }
--- a/src/messages/fr.json
+++ b/src/messages/fr.json
@@ -384,7 +384,8 @@
    "spendChf": "Coûts (CHF)",
    "resumeRequestBadge": "Reprise",
    "resumeRequestTooltip": "Demande de réactivation d'un locataire existant. L'approbation le réactivera ; aucun provisionnement ne s'exécute.",
-    "openclawTool": "Versions OpenClaw"
+    "openclawTool": "Versions OpenClaw",
+    "billingTool": "Facturation →"
  },
  "channelUsers": {
    "title": "Utilisateurs autorisés",
@@ -553,5 +554,107 @@
    "defaultPrefix": "Défaut :",
    "saveOverride": "Enregistrer la surcharge",
    "clearOverride": "Supprimer la surcharge"
+  },
+  "adminBilling": {
+    "title": "Administration de la facturation",
+    "subtitle": "Gérer les tarifs de la plateforme, générer des factures et examiner le statut de facturation des organisations.",
+    "backToAdmin": "Retour à l'administration",
+    "backToBilling": "Retour à la facturation",
+    "backToInvoices": "Retour aux factures",
+    "totalOpenBalance": "Solde ouvert total",
+    "orgsWithBalance": "Organisations avec solde",
+    "overdueInvoices": "Factures en retard",
+    "pricingTitle": "Tarifs",
+    "pricingDesc": "Tarifs plateforme & skills, taux TVA.",
+    "pricingPageDesc": "Modifier les tarifs de la plateforme et les prix journaliers par skill.",
+    "generateTitle": "Générer une facture",
+    "generateDesc": "Calculer et émettre une facture pour une organisation et un mois.",
+    "generatePageDesc": "Choisir une organisation, une période et une langue. L'aperçu affiche les lignes calculées; valider émet la facture et génère le PDF.",
+    "invoicesTitle": "Factures",
+    "invoicesDesc": "Parcourir les factures, marquer comme payées, télécharger les PDF.",
+    "invoicesPageDesc": "Toutes les factures émises par la plateforme. Utiliser le filtre de statut pour cibler les éléments ouverts ou en retard.",
+    "balancesTitle": "Organisations avec solde ouvert",
+    "orgIdCol": "ID org Zitadel",
+    "openCountCol": "Ouvert",
+    "overdueCountCol": "En retard",
+    "totalOpenCol": "Total ouvert",
+    "platformPricingTitle": "Tarifs plateforme",
+    "monthlyFeeLabel": "Forfait mensuel tenant",
+    "setupFeeLabel": "Frais de configuration tenant",
+    "threemaMessageLabel": "Threema par message",
+    "vatRateLabel": "Taux TVA (CH/LI)",
+    "save": "Enregistrer",
+    "saving": "Enregistrement…",
+    "savedOk": "Enregistré",
+    "skillPricingTitle": "Tarifs des skills",
+    "skillPricingDesc": "Prix journalier par skill. Un skill activé à tout moment au cours d'une journée UTC compte comme un jour facturable.",
+    "skillCol": "Skill",
+    "dailyPriceCol": "Prix/jour",
+    "actionsCol": "",
+    "remove": "Retirer",
+    "noSkillsPriced": "Aucun skill n'a encore de prix.",
+    "addSkillLabel": "Ajouter un skill",
+    "dailyPriceLabel": "Prix/jour",
+    "add": "Ajouter",
+    "confirmDeleteSkillPrice": "Retirer le prix pour {skill}?",
+    "clickToEdit": "Cliquer pour modifier",
+    "generateFormTitle": "Générer une facture",
+    "noOrgsToGenerate": "Aucune organisation avec tenants trouvée.",
+    "orgLabel": "Organisation",
+    "noBillingAddrTag": "pas d'adresse de facturation",
+    "noBillingAddrWarning": "Cette organisation n'a pas d'adresse de facturation enregistrée. Le client doit compléter /settings/billing avant qu'une facture puisse être émise.",
+    "tenantsLabel": "tenants",
+    "yearLabel": "Année",
+    "monthLabel": "Mois",
+    "localeLabel": "Langue PDF",
+    "localeAuto": "Auto",
+    "previewBtn": "Aperçu",
+    "commitBtn": "Valider & émettre",
+    "computing": "Calcul…",
+    "confirmGenerate": "Émettre cette facture? Cette action attribue un numéro de facture et génère le PDF.",
+    "previewTitle": "Aperçu du brouillon",
+    "warningsTitle": "Avertissements",
+    "noLinesGenerated": "Aucune ligne facturable pour cette période.",
+    "descCol": "Description",
+    "qtyCol": "Qté",
+    "unitPriceCol": "Prix unitaire",
+    "amountCol": "Montant (CHF)",
+    "subtotal": "Sous-total",
+    "vat": "TVA",
+    "total": "Total",
+    "statusFilterLabel": "Statut",
+    "allStatuses": "Tous",
+    "monthFilterLabel": "Période",
+    "clearFilter": "Effacer",
+    "loading": "Chargement…",
+    "noInvoicesFound": "Aucune facture ne correspond aux filtres.",
+    "invoiceNumberCol": "Numéro",
+    "orgCol": "Organisation",
+    "periodCol": "Période",
+    "statusCol": "Statut",
+    "totalCol": "Total",
+    "dueCol": "Échéance",
+    "status_draft": "Brouillon",
+    "status_open": "Ouverte",
+    "status_paid": "Payée",
+    "status_overdue": "En retard",
+    "status_void": "Annulée",
+    "status_uncollectible": "Irrécouvrable",
+    "dueOnLabel": "Échéance",
+    "totalLabel": "Total",
+    "downloadPdfBtn": "Télécharger le PDF",
+    "markPaidBtn": "Marquer comme payée",
+    "paidNotePlaceholder": "Note facultative (ex. référence bancaire, date de paiement)",
+    "confirm": "Confirmer",
+    "cancel": "Annuler",
+    "deleteBtn": "Supprimer",
+    "deleting": "Suppression…",
+    "deleteHint": "Suppression définitive (outil de test). Le numéro reste utilisé.",
+    "confirmDeleteInvoice": "Supprimer la facture {num}? Suppression définitive — le numéro reste utilisé.",
+    "paidOnLabel": "Payée le",
+    "lineItemsTitle": "Lignes",
+    "billToSnapshotTitle": "Destinataire",
+    "setupFeeCol": "Frais de configuration",
+    "skillSetupFeeLabel": "Frais de configuration"
  }
 }
--- a/src/messages/it.json
+++ b/src/messages/it.json
@@ -384,7 +384,8 @@
    "spendChf": "Costi (CHF)",
    "resumeRequestBadge": "Ripresa",
    "resumeRequestTooltip": "Richiesta di riattivazione di un tenant esistente. L'approvazione lo riattiverà; non viene eseguito alcun provisioning.",
-    "openclawTool": "Versioni OpenClaw"
+    "openclawTool": "Versioni OpenClaw",
+    "billingTool": "Fatturazione →"
  },
  "channelUsers": {
    "title": "Utenti autorizzati",
@@ -553,5 +554,107 @@
    "defaultPrefix": "Predefinito:",
    "saveOverride": "Salva override",
    "clearOverride": "Rimuovi override"
+  },
+  "adminBilling": {
+    "title": "Amministrazione fatturazione",
+    "subtitle": "Gestire prezzi della piattaforma, generare fatture e verificare lo stato di fatturazione delle organizzazioni.",
+    "backToAdmin": "Torna ad amministrazione",
+    "backToBilling": "Torna alla fatturazione",
+    "backToInvoices": "Torna alle fatture",
+    "totalOpenBalance": "Saldo aperto totale",
+    "orgsWithBalance": "Organizzazioni con saldo",
+    "overdueInvoices": "Fatture scadute",
+    "pricingTitle": "Prezzi",
+    "pricingDesc": "Prezzi piattaforma & skill, aliquota IVA.",
+    "pricingPageDesc": "Modificare i prezzi della piattaforma e i prezzi giornalieri per skill.",
+    "generateTitle": "Genera fattura",
+    "generateDesc": "Calcolare ed emettere una fattura per organizzazione e mese.",
+    "generatePageDesc": "Scegli organizzazione, periodo e lingua. L'anteprima mostra le righe calcolate; conferma emette la fattura e genera il PDF.",
+    "invoicesTitle": "Fatture",
+    "invoicesDesc": "Sfoglia le fatture, segna come pagate, scarica i PDF.",
+    "invoicesPageDesc": "Tutte le fatture emesse dalla piattaforma. Usa il filtro di stato per focalizzarti su voci aperte o scadute.",
+    "balancesTitle": "Organizzazioni con saldo aperto",
+    "orgIdCol": "ID org Zitadel",
+    "openCountCol": "Aperte",
+    "overdueCountCol": "Scadute",
+    "totalOpenCol": "Totale aperto",
+    "platformPricingTitle": "Prezzi piattaforma",
+    "monthlyFeeLabel": "Canone mensile tenant",
+    "setupFeeLabel": "Spese di attivazione tenant",
+    "threemaMessageLabel": "Threema per messaggio",
+    "vatRateLabel": "Aliquota IVA (CH/LI)",
+    "save": "Salva",
+    "saving": "Salvataggio…",
+    "savedOk": "Salvato",
+    "skillPricingTitle": "Prezzi skill",
+    "skillPricingDesc": "Prezzo giornaliero per skill. Una skill attiva in qualsiasi momento di un giorno UTC conta come un giorno fatturabile.",
+    "skillCol": "Skill",
+    "dailyPriceCol": "Prezzo/giorno",
+    "actionsCol": "",
+    "remove": "Rimuovi",
+    "noSkillsPriced": "Nessuna skill ha ancora un prezzo.",
+    "addSkillLabel": "Aggiungi skill",
+    "dailyPriceLabel": "Prezzo/giorno",
+    "add": "Aggiungi",
+    "confirmDeleteSkillPrice": "Rimuovere il prezzo per {skill}?",
+    "clickToEdit": "Clicca per modificare",
+    "generateFormTitle": "Genera fattura",
+    "noOrgsToGenerate": "Nessuna organizzazione con tenant trovata.",
+    "orgLabel": "Organizzazione",
+    "noBillingAddrTag": "nessun indirizzo di fatturazione",
+    "noBillingAddrWarning": "Questa organizzazione non ha un indirizzo di fatturazione registrato. Il cliente deve completare /settings/billing prima che una fattura possa essere emessa.",
+    "tenantsLabel": "tenant",
+    "yearLabel": "Anno",
+    "monthLabel": "Mese",
+    "localeLabel": "Lingua PDF",
+    "localeAuto": "Auto",
+    "previewBtn": "Anteprima",
+    "commitBtn": "Conferma & emetti",
+    "computing": "Calcolo…",
+    "confirmGenerate": "Emettere questa fattura? L'operazione assegna un numero di fattura e genera il PDF.",
+    "previewTitle": "Anteprima bozza",
+    "warningsTitle": "Avvisi",
+    "noLinesGenerated": "Nessuna riga fatturabile per questo periodo.",
+    "descCol": "Descrizione",
+    "qtyCol": "Qtà",
+    "unitPriceCol": "Prezzo unitario",
+    "amountCol": "Importo (CHF)",
+    "subtotal": "Subtotale",
+    "vat": "IVA",
+    "total": "Totale",
+    "statusFilterLabel": "Stato",
+    "allStatuses": "Tutti",
+    "monthFilterLabel": "Periodo",
+    "clearFilter": "Pulisci",
+    "loading": "Caricamento…",
+    "noInvoicesFound": "Nessuna fattura corrisponde ai filtri.",
+    "invoiceNumberCol": "Numero",
+    "orgCol": "Organizzazione",
+    "periodCol": "Periodo",
+    "statusCol": "Stato",
+    "totalCol": "Totale",
+    "dueCol": "Scadenza",
+    "status_draft": "Bozza",
+    "status_open": "Aperta",
+    "status_paid": "Pagata",
+    "status_overdue": "Scaduta",
+    "status_void": "Annullata",
+    "status_uncollectible": "Inesigibile",
+    "dueOnLabel": "Scadenza",
+    "totalLabel": "Totale",
+    "downloadPdfBtn": "Scarica PDF",
+    "markPaidBtn": "Segna come pagata",
+    "paidNotePlaceholder": "Nota opzionale (es. riferimento bancario, data di pagamento)",
+    "confirm": "Conferma",
+    "cancel": "Annulla",
+    "deleteBtn": "Elimina",
+    "deleting": "Eliminazione…",
+    "deleteHint": "Eliminazione definitiva (strumento di test). Il numero rimane consumato.",
+    "confirmDeleteInvoice": "Eliminare la fattura {num}? Eliminazione definitiva — il numero rimane consumato.",
+    "paidOnLabel": "Pagata il",
+    "lineItemsTitle": "Righe",
+    "billToSnapshotTitle": "Destinatario",
+    "setupFeeCol": "Spese di attivazione",
+    "skillSetupFeeLabel": "Spese di attivazione"
  }
 }
--- a/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/src/types/index.ts
@@ -449,6 +449,13 @@ export interface PlatformPricing {
 export interface SkillPricing {
  skillId: string;
  dailyPriceChf: number;
+  /**
+   * One-time setup fee charged the first time this skill appears
+   * on an invoice for a given tenant. Detection mirrors the
+   * tenant-level setup fee: a `skill_setup` line is emitted only
+   * when no prior invoice line exists for (tenant, skill).
+   */
+  setupFeeChf: number;
  createdAt: string;
  updatedAt: string;
 }
@@ -520,3 +527,131 @@ export interface OrgBillingConfig {
  createdAt: string;
  updatedAt: string;
 }
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Billing — Phase 2: invoices and lines
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export type InvoiceStatus =
+  | "draft"
+  | "open"
+  | "paid"
+  | "overdue"
+  | "void"
+  | "uncollectible";
+
+export type InvoicePaymentMethod = "invoice" | "card";
+
+export type InvoiceLineKind =
+  | "tenant_monthly"
+  | "tenant_setup"
+  | "ai_usage"
+  | "threema_messages"
+  | "skill_usage"
+  | "skill_setup"
+  | "adjustment";
+
+/**
+ * Snapshot of the customer's billing details captured at invoice
+ * issue time. Subsequent edits to org_billing do not mutate
+ * historical invoices.
+ *
+ * Field names mirror OrgBilling (minus the timestamps) so the
+ * snapshot is a straightforward copy at issue time.
+ */
+export interface InvoiceBillingSnapshot {
+  companyName: string;
+  streetAddress: string;
+  postalCode: string;
+  city: string;
+  country: string;
+  vatNumber: string | null;
+  billingEmail: string;
+  notes: string | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * One line on an invoice. The `metadata` shape varies by `kind`:
+ *   tenant_monthly:   { proration_days, days_in_month, billable_days, suspended_days }
+ *   tenant_setup:     {}
+ *   ai_usage:         { litellm_key_alias, spend_chf, requests }
+ *   threema_messages: { in_count, out_count, total_count }
+ *   skill_usage:      { skill_id, billable_days, event_count }
+ *   adjustment:       { reason, admin_user_id }
+ */
+export interface InvoiceLine {
+  id: string;
+  invoiceId: string;
+  tenantName: string | null;
+  kind: InvoiceLineKind;
+  description: string;
+  quantity: number;
+  unitLabel: string | null;
+  unitPriceChf: number;
+  amountChf: number;
+  metadata: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+  displayOrder: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Immutable invoice record. The PDF blob is fetched separately via
+ * the download endpoint to avoid loading bytea on every list query.
+ */
+export interface Invoice {
+  id: string;
+  invoiceNumber: string;
+  zitadelOrgId: string;
+  periodStart: string; // ISO date (YYYY-MM-DD)
+  periodEnd: string;
+  issuedAt: string;
+  dueAt: string;
+  subtotalChf: number;
+  vatRate: number;
+  vatAmountChf: number;
+  totalChf: number;
+  status: InvoiceStatus;
+  locale: string;
+  paymentMethod: InvoicePaymentMethod;
+  billingSnapshot: InvoiceBillingSnapshot;
+  stripePaymentIntentId: string | null;
+  pdfFilename: string | null;
+  hasPdf: boolean; // computed: pdf_data IS NOT NULL
+  adminNotes: string | null;
+  paidAt: string | null;
+  paidBy: string | null;
+  paidMethodDetail: string | null;
+  createdAt: string;
+}
+
+/** Invoice with its line items, used by detail views. */
+export interface InvoiceDetail {
+  invoice: Invoice;
+  lines: InvoiceLine[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * In-memory draft produced by the computation pipeline before the
+ * invoice is allocated a number and persisted. Used by both the
+ * preview endpoint (return without persisting) and the commit
+ * endpoint (compute → persist atomically).
+ */
+export interface InvoiceDraft {
+  zitadelOrgId: string;
+  periodStart: string;
+  periodEnd: string;
+  dueAt: string;
+  locale: string;
+  paymentMethod: InvoicePaymentMethod;
+  billingSnapshot: InvoiceBillingSnapshot;
+  lines: Omit<InvoiceLine, "id" | "invoiceId">[];
+  subtotalChf: number;
+  vatRate: number;
+  vatAmountChf: number;
+  totalChf: number;
+  /**
+   * Non-blocking warnings the compute pipeline surfaced — e.g.
+   * "tenant X has no LiteLLM team, AI usage skipped". Rendered in
+   * the admin UI to help the operator decide whether to commit.
+   */
+  warnings: string[];
+}
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
admin	cd15b391ac	Phase2: Invoicecomputation/AdminpricingUI/Ainvoicemgnt All checks were successful Build and Push / build (push) Successful in 1m34s Details	2026-05-24 16:38:41 +02:00
admin	11d7dbb06e	Phase2: Invoicecomputation/AdminpricingUI/Ainvoicemgnt All checks were successful Build and Push / build (push) Successful in 1m36s Details	2026-05-24 14:48:40 +02:00
admin	d41f0b6ec9	Phase2: Invoicecomputation/AdminpricingUI/Ainvoicemgnt Some checks failed Build and Push / build (push) Failing after 53s Details	2026-05-24 14:40:15 +02:00
admin	03f8dd9afe	Phase2: Invoicecomputation/AdminpricingUI/Ainvoicemgnt Some checks failed Build and Push / build (push) Failing after 47s Details	2026-05-24 14:25:00 +02:00
admin	d4fcc33bc1	Phase2: Invoicecomputation/AdminpricingUI/Ainvoicemgnt Some checks failed Build and Push / build (push) Failing after 45s Details	2026-05-24 14:12:26 +02:00
admin	cdc2210eaf	Phase2: Invoicecomputation/AdminpricingUI/Ainvoicemgnt Some checks failed Build and Push / build (push) Failing after 45s Details	2026-05-24 14:01:33 +02:00
admin	6bf9caa53a	Lock @react-pdf/renderer for Phase 2 billing Some checks failed Build and Push / build (push) Failing after 1m23s Details	2026-05-24 13:56:53 +02:00
admin	c8ed27157f	Phase2: Invoicecomputation/AdminpricingUI/Ainvoicemgnt Some checks failed Build and Push / build (push) Failing after 28s Details	2026-05-24 13:51:38 +02:00
admin	6baca1a459	Phase1: Schema + skill event tracking All checks were successful Build and Push / build (push) Successful in 1m35s Details	2026-05-24 00:21:29 +02:00